文章目录
一、实验报告内容 1
1、多区域 OSPF + RIP V2 路由引入的配置
(1)网络拓扑
R1的配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R1
!配置端口
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
exit
R2的配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R2
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
exit
R3的配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R3
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
exit
R4的配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R4
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 4.4.4.4
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.4.0
network 192.168.3.0
network 192.168.2.0
network 192.168.1.0
exit
!OSFP引入/重发布RIP
router ospf 100
redistribute rip subnets
exit
!RIP引入/重发布OSPF
router rip
redistribute ospf 100 metric 1
exit
R5的配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R5
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
no auto-summary
network 192.168.4.0
exit
(2)配置结果验证与查看
R1
show ip route
R2
show ip route
R3
show ip route
R4
show ip route
show running-config
R5
show ip route
(3)连通性验证
R1->R5
2、多区域 OSPF + 虚链路路由引入的配置
(1)网络拓扑
R1-R2配置同第一个实验一样
R3配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R3
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
area 2 virtual-link 4.4.4.4
exit
R4配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R4
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 4.4.4.4
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 3
area 2 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
exit
R5配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R5
!配置端口
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int loopback 0
ip addr 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
router ospf 100
router-id 5.5.5.5
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 3
exit
(2)配置结果验证与查看
R1-R2配置同第一个实验一样
R3
show ip route
show running-config
R4
show ip route
show running-config
R5
show ip route
(3)连通性验证
R1->R5
二、实验报告内容 2
1、多区域 OSPF 和 RIPvP 的园区网综合配置
(1)网络拓扑
(2)配置过程及配置代码
R1配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R1
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 1.1.1.1
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
exit
R2配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R2
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0/0
ip addr 192.168.7.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
area 5 stub no-summary
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 2.2.2.2
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
network 192.168.7.0 0.0.0.3 area 4
area 4 virtual-link 5.5.5.5
exit
R3配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R3
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.5.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.6.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0/0
ip addr 192.168.9.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 3.3.3.3
network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.5.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.3 area 3
network 192.168.9.0 0.0.0.3 area 5
area 3 virtual-link 4.4.4.4
area 5 stub no-summary
exit
R4配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R4
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.22.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.11.0
network 192.168.22.0
no auto-summary
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 4.4.4.4
network 192.168.6.0 0.0.0.3 area 3
area 3 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
default-information originate
exit
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.11.2
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.22.2
!RIP引入/重发布OSPF
router rip
redistribute ospf 100 metric 1
exit
R5配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R5
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.8.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0/0
ip addr 192.168.7.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 5.5.5.5 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router 5.5.5.5
network 192.168.7.0 0.0.0.3 area 4
network 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.3 area 6
area 4 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
area 6 stub
exit
R6配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R6
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.8.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 6.6.6.6 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 6.6.6.6
network 192.168.8.0 0.0.0.3 area 6
area 6 stub
exit
R7配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R7
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0/0
ip addr 192.168.9.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置OSPF
int loopback 0
ip addr 7.7.7.7 255.255.255.255
no shut
exit
router ospf 100
router-id 7.7.7.7
network 192.168.9.0 0.0.0.3 area 5
network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 5
area 5 stub
exit
R8配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R8
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.22.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.33.1 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.22.0
network 192.168.33.0
no auto-summary
exit
R9配置
!Router>
en
!Router#
conf t
!Router(config)#
no ip domain-lookup
hostname R9
!配置端口
int g0/2
ip addr 192.168.44.254 255.255.255.0
no shut
exit
int g0/0
ip addr 192.168.33.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
int g0/1
ip addr 192.168.11.2 255.255.255.252
no shut
exit
!配置RIP V2
router rip
version 2
network 192.168.11.0
network 192.168.33.0
network 192.168.44.0
no auto-summary
exit
(3)配置结果验证与查看
R1
show ip ospf
show ip route
R2
show ip ospf
show ip route
R3
show ip ospf
show ip route
R4
show ip ospf
show ip route
R5
show ip ospf
show ip route
R6
show ip ospf
show ip ospf database
show ip route
R7
show ip ospf
!R3 show ip ospf
!R3 show running-config
show ip ospf database
show ip route
R8
show ip route
R9
show ip route
(4)连通性能验证
OSPF区域内:
PC1->Server
PC1->R6
PC1->PC2
OSPF区域外:
PC1->Server
三、总结与体会
1、区域 0 与非 0 区域的区别?
答:
区域 0为主干区:骨干区域是Area 0,是整个OSPF域的中心枢纽。一个OSPF域有且只能拥有一个 Area 0,所有的区域间路由必须通过Area0中转。
非区域0分为标准区域、Stub区域、完全Stub区域、NSSA区域、完全NSSA区域:
(1)标准区:OSPF要求所有的非骨干区域(非0常规区域)都必须与Area 0直接相连。常规区域中允许Type-1, Type-2. Type-3, Type-4以及Type-5 LSA泛洪, Type-7 LSA禁止出现在常规区域内。
(2)Stub区域:末节区域,不能重发发布引入外部路由,也不能接收外部路由。
(3)完全Stub区域:完全末节区域,是Cisco专有特性,不能重发发布引入外部路由,也不能接收外部路由、区域间路由。
(4)NSSA区域:次存根区域,不能接收其它区域的外部路由,本区域可以重发发布引入外部路由。
(5)完全NSSA区域:完全次存根区域,不能接收其它区域的外部路由、区域间路由,本区域可以重发发布引入外部路由。
2、区域划分的原则和指导思想是什么?
答:
(1)在区域边界可以做路由汇总,减小了路由表。
(2)减少了LSA洪泛的范围有效地把拓扑变化控制在区域内,提高了网络的稳定。
(3)拓扑的变化影响可以只限制涉及本区域。
(4)多区域提高了网络的扩展性,有利于组建大规模的网络。
3、什么时候需要建立 OSPF 虚链路?虚链路在什么路由器上配置,虚链路里的区域号是怎么确定的?
答:
(1)远离OSPF主干的区域想要同步主干区域的路由信息就需要建立OSPF虚拟链路。
(2)虚拟链路在需要穿越经过的区域的路由器上配置,而不是在需要连接的区域的路由器上配置。
(3)虚拟链路的区域编号是要穿越经过的区域的区域号。
4、什么时候该区域建议配置成末节区域,配置代码是什么?
答:
(1)非主干区域非必要都建议配置为Stub区域,减少LSA在网络中的洪泛,简化路由表,提高OSPF网络的整体效率。
(2)配置代码为:area [number] stub