# 1)在视图类中实例化序列化对象时,可以设置context内容
# 2)在序列化类中的局部钩子、全局钩子、create、update等方法中(通常是需要进行逻辑处理的地方),都可以用self.context(self为序列化类对象本身)访问视图类传递过来的内容
# 可以处理的需求:
# 1) 在视图类中,可以通过request得到登陆用户request.user
# 2) 在序列化类中,要完成数据库数据的校验与入库操作,可能会需要知道当前的登陆用户,但序列化类无法访问request
# 3) 在视图类中实例化序列化对象时,将request对象传递进去
class Book(APIView): def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): book_ser = serializers.BookModelSerializer(data=request_data,context={'request':request}) book_ser.is_valid(raise_exception=True) book_result = book_ser.save() return Response({ 'status': 0, 'msg': 'ok', 'results': serializers.BookModelSerializer(book_result).data })
class BookModelSerializer(ModelSerializer): class Meta: model = models.Book fields = ('name', 'price') def validate_name(self, value): print(self.context.get('request').method) return value
""" Response({ 'status': 0, 'msg': 'ok', 'results': [], 'token': '' # 可能会需要额外的key-value数据结果 },status=http_status,headers=headers,exception=True|False) APIResponse() => Response({'status': 0,'msg': 'ok'}) """
from rest_framework.response import Response #将APIResponse继承Response class APIResponse(Response): def __init__(self, data_status=0, data_msg='ok', results=None, http_status=None, headers=None, exception=False, **kwargs): # data的初始状态:状态码与状态信息 data = { 'status': data_status, 'msg': data_msg, } # data的响应数据体 # results可能是False、0等数据,这些数据某些情况下也会作为合法数据返回 if results is not None: data['results'] = results # data响应的其他内容 # if kwargs is not None: # for k, v in kwargs.items(): # setattr(data, k, v) data.update(kwargs) super().__init__(data=data, status=http_status, headers=headers, exception=exception)
""" views:视图 generics:工具视图 mixins:视图工具集 viewsets:视图集 """ """ 学习曲线 APIView => GenericAPIView => mixins的五大工具类 => generics中的工具视图 => viewsets中的视图集 """
# GenericAPIView是继承APIView的,使用完全兼容APIView # 重点:GenericAPIView在APIView基础上完成了哪些操作 # 1)get_queryset():从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据 # 2)get_object():从类属性queryset中获得model的queryset数据,再通过有名分组pk确定唯一操作对象 # 3)get_serializer():从类属性serializer_class中获得serializer的序列化类,之后再进行对数据的序列化
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^v2/books/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()), url(r'^v2/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookGenericAPIView.as_view()), ]
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView class BookGenericAPIView(GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False) serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer # 自定义主键的 有名分组 名 lookup_field = 'pk' # 群取 # def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # book_query = self.get_queryset() # book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query, many=True) # book_data = book_ser.data # return APIResponse(results=book_data) # 单取 def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): book_query = self.get_object() book_ser = self.get_serializer(book_query) book_data = book_ser.data return APIResponse(results=book_data)
# 1)mixins有五个工具类文件,一共提供了五个工具类,六个工具方法:单查、群查、单增、单删、单整体改、单局部改 # 2)继承工具类可以简化请求函数的实现体,但是必须继承GenericAPIView,需要GenericAPIView类提供的几个类属性和方法(见上方GenericAPIView基类知识点) # 3)工具类的工具方法返回值都是Response类型对象,如果要格式化数据格式再返回给前台,可以通过 response.data 拿到工具方法返回的Response类型对象的响应数据
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^v3/books/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()), url(r'^v3/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookMixinGenericAPIView.as_view()), ]
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin class BookMixinGenericAPIView(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False) serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): if 'pk' in kwargs: response = self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) else: # mixins提供的list方法的响应对象是Response,想将该对象格式化为APIResponse response = self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) # response的数据都存放在response.data中 return APIResponse(results=response.data) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): response = self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) return APIResponse(results=response.data) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): response = self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) return APIResponse(results=response.data) def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): response = self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs) return APIResponse(results=response.data)
# 1)工具视图都是GenericAPIView的子类,且不同的子类继承了不听的工具类,重写了请求方法 # 2)工具视图的功能如果直接可以满足需求,只需要继承工具视图,提供queryset与serializer_class即可
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^v4/books/$', views.BookListCreatePIView.as_view()), url(r'^v4/books/(?P<pk>.*)/$', views.BookListCreatePIView.as_view()), ]
from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView class BookListCreatePIView(ListCreateAPIView, UpdateAPIView): queryset = models.Book.objects.filter(is_delete=False) serializer_class = serializers.BookModelSerializer