网络的配置
1.案例 网络的配置
主机名:server0.example.com
IP地址:172.25.0.11
子网掩码:255.255.255.0
默认网关:172.25.0.254
DNS服务器:172.25.254.254
3.2方案
使用nmcli配置网络连接时的基本操作,
查看网络连接、连接详情:
nmcli con show
nmcli con show"连接名"
修改网络连接参数:
nmcli con modify"连接名"ipv4.method auto|manual
nmcli con modify"连接名"ipv4.addresses"IP地址/掩码长度[默认网关]"ipv4.dns DNS服务器地址
nmcli con modify"连接名"connection.autoconnect yes|no
3.3步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
步骤一:配置固定主机名
1)配置前,检查是否设置静态主机名
[root@server0~]#hostnamectl
Static hostname:n/a//未设置静态主机名
Transient hostname:server0.example.com
2)设置为指定的主机名
[root@server0~]#vim /etc/hostname //建立主机名配置文件
server0.example.com
3)配置后,检查结果
[root@server0~]#hostnamectl
Static hostname:server0.example.com //已设置静态主机名
Icon name:computer
....
步骤二:配置静态IP地址参数
1)查看当前主机的网卡设备、网络连接
[root@server0~]#nmcli connection show
名称UUID类型设备
System eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0
2)修改连接“System eth0”的配置
将配置方式指定为manual,指定IP地址、默认网关、DNS地址,并配置自动连接:
[root@server0~]#nmcli connection modify "System eth0" ipv4.method manual ipv4.addresses "172.25.0.11/24 172.25.0.254" ipv4.dns 172.25.254.254 connection.autoconnect yes
3)重新激活连接“System eth0”
通过up指令激活连接配置,必要时也可以先down再up:
[root@server0~]#nmcli connection up "System eth0 "//激活连接
Connection successfully activated(D-Bus active
path:/org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1)
确保系统服务NetworkManager开机自启:
[root@server0~]#systemctl restart NetworkManager
[root@server0~]#systemctl enable NetworkManager
4)检查修改结果,确认无误
l 检查IP地址:
[root@server0~]#ifconfig eth0
eth0:flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>mtu 1500
inet 172.25.0.11 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.25.0.255
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:b prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 52:54:00:00:00:0b txqueuelen 1000(Ethernet)
RX packets 1394 bytes 138855(135.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 944 bytes 98495(96.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
l 检查默认网关地址:
[root@server0~]#route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.25.0.254 0.0.0.0 UG 1024 0 0 eth0
172.25.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
l 检查DNS服务器地址:
[root@server0~]#cat /etc/resolv.conf
#Generated by NetworkManager
search example.com
Nameserver 172.25.254.254
如果在使用nmcli修改网络连接时并未指定ipv4.dns,也可以直接修改DNS客户端配置文件/etc/resolv.conf,确保添加有上述记录即可。
步骤三:验证网络配置结果
l 通过ssh远程访问server0:
[root@room9pc13~]#ssh -X [email protected]
Warning:Permanently added'server0.example.com'(ECDSA)to the list of known hosts.
Last login:Fri Dec 23 19:00:12 2016 from 172.25.0.250
[root@server0~]#hostname //确认自己的主机名
server0.example.com
l 在虚拟机server0上,可以查询server0、desktop0、content等站点:
[root@server0~]#host server0.example.com
server0.example.com has address 172.25.0.11
[root@server0~]#host desktop0.example.com
desktop0.example.com has address 172.25.0.10
desktop0.example.com mail is handled by 10 smtp0.example.com.
[root@server0~]#host content.example.com
content.example.com has address 172.25.254.254