#define MAXLEAFNUM 50 //最优二叉树中的最多叶子数目
typedef struct node{
char ch;//结点表示的字符
int weight;//权值
int parent;//结点的父结点的下标,为0表示无父结点
int lChild,rChild;//结点的左右孩子结点的下标,为0表示无孩子结点
}HuffmanTree[2*MAXLEAFNUM];
typedef char* HuffmanCode[MAXLEAFNUM + 1];
void select(HuffmanTree HT,int n,int &s1,int &s2)
{
s1 = 1;
s2 = 2;
int nMinW = HT[1].weight;
for(int i = 1; i <= n;i++){
if(HT[i].parent != 0){
continue;
}
if(nMinW > HT[i].weight){
nMinW = HT[i].weight;
s1 = i;
}
}
if(s1 != 1){
nMinW = HT[1].weight;
}else{
nMinW = HT[2].weight;
}
for(int i = 1; i <= n -1;i++){
if(HT[i].parent != 0 || i == s1){
continue;
}
if(nMinW > HT[i].weight){
nMinW = HT[i].weight;
s2 = i;
}
}
}
//创建哈夫曼树
void createHTree(HuffmanTree HT,char *c,int *w,int n)
{
int i,s1,s2;
if(n <= 1){
return;
}
for(i = 1; i <= n;i++){//构造n棵只有根结点的树
HT[i].ch = c[i - 1];
HT[i].weight = w[i - 1];
HT[i].parent = HT[i].lChild = HT[i].rChild = 0;
}
for(;i < 2 * n;i++){
HT[i].parent = HT[i].lChild = HT[i].rChild = 0;
}
for(i = n + 1; i < 2 *n; i++){
select(HT,i - 1,s1,s2);
HT[s1].parent = i;
HT[s2].parent = i;
HT[i].lChild = s1;
HT[i].rChild = s2;
HT[i].weight = HT[s1].weight + HT[s2].weight;
}
}
//根据给定的哈夫曼树,从每个叶子结点出发追溯到根,逆向找出最优二叉树中叶子结点的编码
//n个叶子结点在哈夫曼HT中的下标为1~n,第i(1<= i <= n)个叶子的编码存放在HC[i]中
void HuffmanCoding(HuffmanTree HT,HuffmanCode HC,int n)
{
char *cd;
int i,start,c,f;
if(n <= 1){
return;
}
cd = (char*)malloc( n * sizeof(char));//申请足够的空间存储编码
cd[n -1] = '\0';//结尾符
for(i = 1; i <= n;i++){
start = n - 1;
for(c = i,f = HT[i].parent;f != 0;c = f,f = HT[f].parent){//执行完一次后继续向上回溯结点
if(HT[f].lChild == c){//如果当前结点与父结点的左节点相等,则对应字符编码为0,否则为1
cd[start] = '0';
}else{
cd[start] = '1';
}
start--;
}
HC[i] = (char*)malloc((n - start) * sizeof(char));
strcpy(HC[i],&cd[start]);
free(cd);
}
}
//利用最优二叉树译码
void Decoding(HuffmanTree HT,int n,char *buff)
{
int p = 2 * n - 1;
while (*buff) {
if((*buff) == '0'){
p = HT[p].lChild;
}else{
p = HT[p].rChild;
}
if(HT[p].lChild == 0 && HT[p].rChild == 0){
cout << HT[p].ch << endl;
p = 2 * n - 1;
}
buff++;
}
}
数据结构——哈夫曼树及哈夫曼编码代码实现
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转载自blog.csdn.net/JuicyActiveGilbert/article/details/100672926
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