How do I know whether a variable is allocated on the heap or the stack?

From a correctness standpoint, you don’t need to know. Each variable in Go exists as long as there are references to it. The storage location chosen by the implementation is irrelevant to the semantics of the language.

The storage location does have an effect on writing efficient programs. When possible, the Go compilers will allocate variables that are local to a function in that function’s stack frame. However, if the compiler cannot prove that the variable is not referenced after the function returns, then the compiler must allocate the variable on the garbage-collected heap to avoid dangling pointer errors. Also, if a local variable is very large, it might make more sense to store it on the heap rather than the stack.

In the current compilers, if a variable has its address taken, that variable is a candidate for allocation on the heap. However, a basic escape analysis recognizes some cases when such variables will not live past the return from the function and can reside on the stack.

简单翻译一下。

如何得知变量是分配在栈（stack）上还是堆（heap）上？

准确地说，你并不需要知道。Golang 中的变量只要被引用就一直会存活，存储在堆上还是栈上由内部实现决定而和具体的语法没有关系。

知道变量的存储位置确实和效率编程有关系。如果可能，Golang 编译器会将函数的局部变量分配到函数栈帧（stack frame）上。然而，如果编译器不能确保变量在函数 return 之后不再被引用，编译器就会将变量分配到堆上。而且，如果一个局部变量非常大，那么它也应该被分配到堆上而不是栈上。

当前情况下，如果一个变量被取地址，那么它就有可能被分配到堆上。然而，还要对这些变量做逃逸分析，如果函数 return 之后，变量不再被引用，则将其分配到栈上。