静态和动态链接                                                                                                                                                                                                               链接主要作用是把各个模块之间相互引用的部分处理好，使得各各模块之间能够正确地链接，分为静态链接和动态链接                                                               静态链接                                                                                                                                                                                                                             把程序对应的依赖库复制一份到包                                                                                                                                                                                      libxxx.a                                                                                                                                                                                                                            嵌入程序包                                                                                                                                                                                                                          升级难，需重新编译                                                                                                                                                                                                         占用较多的空间，迁移容易                                                                                                                                                                                                 动态链接                                                                                                                                                                                                                               libxxx.o                                                                                                                                                                                                                          链接指向                                                                                                                                                                                                                             占用较少空间，升级方便                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           包和包管理器                                                                                                                                                                                                                      最初只有。tar.gz的打包的源码文件，用户必须编译每个他想在GNU/Linux上运行的软件。用户们急需要系统提供一种方法来管理这些安装在机器上      的软件，当Debian诞生时，这样一个管路也就在这些安装 在机器上 的软件，当Debian诞生时，这样一个管理工具也就应运而生，它被命名为dpkg.从而著名的“package"概念第一次出现在GNU/LIUNX系统中，稍后Red Hat才开发的”rpm"包管理系统                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        包的组成：                                                                                                                                                                                                                           二进制文件、库文件、配置文件、帮助文件                                                                                                                                                                         程序包管理器：                                                                                                                                                                                                                debian :     deb文件，dpkg 包管理器                                                                                                                                                                                       redhat:    rpm文件，rpm包管理器                                                                                                                                                                                    rpm:Redhat Package Manager                                                                                                                                                                                      RPM    Package Manager                                                                                                                                                                                            库文件                                                                                                                                                                                                                                查看二进制程序员所依赖的库文件                                                                                                                                                                                 ldd/PATH/TO/BINARy