3.1 问题
具体要求如下:
练习数值比较的使用
练习字符比较的使用
练习逻辑比较的使用
练习模糊匹配的使用
练习正则匹配的使用
练习查询结果分组、排序、过滤、限制显示记录行数
练习聚集函数的使用
练习四则运算的使用步骤
实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。
3.2 步骤一:匹配条件练习
1)常用的表记录统计函数
查询stu_info表一共有多少条记录(本例中为5条):
mysql> SELECT count(*) FROM stu_info;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 5 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
计算stu_info表中各学员的平均年龄、最大年龄、最小年龄:
mysql> SELECT avg(age),max(age),min(age) FROM stu_info;
+----------+----------+----------+
| avg(age) | max(age) | min(age) |
+----------+----------+----------+
| 22.6000 | 27 | 20 |
+----------+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
计算stu_info表中男学员的个数:
mysql> SELECT count(gender) FROM stu_info WHERE gender='boy';
+---------------+
| count(gender) |
+---------------+
| 3 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2)字段值的数值比较
列出stu_info表中年龄为21岁的学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE age=21;
+------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+------+--------+-----+
| Tom | boy | 21 |
| Mike | boy | 21 |
+------+--------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
列出stu_info表中年龄超过21岁的学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE age>21;
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
+-------+--------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
列出stu_info表中年龄大于或等于21岁的学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE age>=21;
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Tom | boy | 21 |
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
| Mike | boy | 21 |
+-------+--------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
列出stu_info表中年龄在20岁和24岁之间的学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE age BETWEEN 20 and 24;
+------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Tom | boy | 21 |
| Lily | girl | 20 |
| Mike | boy | 21 |
+------+--------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3)多个条件的组合
列出stu_info表中年龄小于23岁的女学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE age < 23 AND gender='girl';
+------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+------+--------+-----+
| Lily | girl | 20 |
+------+--------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
列出stu_info表中年龄小于23岁的学员,或者女学员的记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE age < 23 OR gender='girl';
+------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Tom | boy | 21 |
| Lily | girl | 20 |
| Mike | boy | 21 |
+------+--------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果某个记录的姓名属于指定范围内的一个,则将其列出:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE name IN
-> ('Jim','Tom','Mickey','Minnie');
+------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Tom | boy | 21 |
+------+--------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4)使用SELECT做数学计算
计算1234与5678的和:
mysql> SELECT 1234+5678;
+-----------+
| 1234+5678 |
+-----------+
| 6912 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
计算1234与5678的乘积:
mysql> SELECT 1234*5678;
+-----------+
| 1234*5678 |
+-----------+
| 7006652 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
计算1.23456789除以3的结果:
mysql> SELECT 1.23456789/3;
+----------------+
| 1.23456789/3 |
+----------------+
| 0.411522630000 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
输出stu_info表各学员的姓名、15年后的年龄:
mysql> SELECT name,age+15 FROM stu_info;
+-------+--------+
| name | age+15 |
+-------+--------+
| Jim | 39 |
| Tom | 36 |
| Lily | 35 |
| Jerry | 42 |
| Mike | 36 |
+-------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
5)使用模糊查询,LIKE
以下划线 _ 匹配单个字符,% 可匹配任意多个字符。
列出stu_info表中姓名以“J”开头的学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE name LIKE 'J%';
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
+-------+--------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
列出stu_info表中姓名以“J”开头且只有3个字母的学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE name LIKE 'J__';
+------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
+------+--------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
6)使用正则表达式,REGEXP
列出stu_info表中姓名以“J”开头且以“y”结尾的学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE name REGEXP '^J.*y$';
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
+-------+--------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
效果等同于:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE name Like 'J%y';
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
+-------+--------+-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
列出stu_info表中姓名以“J”开头或者以“y”结尾的学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE name REGEXP '^J|y$';
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Lily | girl | 20 |
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
+-------+--------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
效果等同于:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info WHERE name Like 'J%' OR name Like '%y';
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Lily | girl | 20 |
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
+-------+--------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
7)按指定的字段排序,ORDER BY
列出stu_info表的所有记录,按年龄排序:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info ORDER BY age;
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Lily | girl | 20 |
| Tom | boy | 21 |
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
+-------+--------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
因默认为升序(Ascend)排列,所以上述操作等效于:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info ORDER BY age ASC;
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Lily | girl | 20 |
| Tom | boy | 21 |
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
+-------+--------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
若要按降序(Descend)排列,则将ASC改为DESC即可:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info ORDER BY age DESC;
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Tom | boy | 21 |
| Lily | girl | 20 |
+-------+--------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
8)限制查询结果的输出条数,LIMIT
查询stu_info表的所有记录,只列出前3条:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info LIMIT 3;
+------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+------+--------+-----+
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Tom | boy | 21 |
| Lily | girl | 20 |
+------+--------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
列出stu_info表中年龄最大的3条学员记录:
mysql> SELECT * FROM stu_info GROUP BY age DESC LIMIT 3;
+-------+--------+-----+
| name | gender | age |
+-------+--------+-----+
| Jerry | boy | 27 |
| Jim | girl | 24 |
| Tom | boy | 21 |
+-------+--------+-----+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
9)分组查询结果,GROUP BY
针对stu_info表,按性别分组,分别统计出男、女学员的人数:
mysql> SELECT gender,count(gender) FROM stu_info GROUP BY gender;
+--------+---------------+
| gender | count(gender) |
+--------+---------------+
| boy | 3 |
| girl | 2 |
+--------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
列出查询字段时,可以通过AS关键字来指定显示别名,比如上述操作可改为:
mysql> SELECT gender AS '性别',count(gender) AS '人数'
-> FROM stu_info GROUP BY gender;
+--------+--------+
| 性别 | 人数 |
+--------+--------+
| boy | 3 |
| girl | 2 |
+--------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)