本博文源于《语法知识清单》,分词有两种:现在分词或过去分词。现在分词表示正在进行的、主动的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的、被动的动作。分词及其宾语或状语一起构成分词短语,分词或分词短语在句子中起形容词或副词的作用。
分词的形式及时态、语态
分词的句法功能
作定语
单个分词作定语时,常放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定语时,则一般放在被修饰词之后。
例子:
Are there any living things on the moon?
The girl standing there is my sister.
作表语
表示主语的某种性质或状态,此时的分词已经具有形容词的性质。
例子:
Teaching young children is really challenging.
What you said is really inspiring.
作补足语
说明宾语的状态或性质,作宾语补足语,与宾语一起构成复合宾语
I found him lying on the grass.
I considered this problem settled.
把含宾语补足语的句子改为被动句,原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语
This song is often heard sung everywhere in China.
He was heard singing in the next room.
作状语
分词作状语,表示原因、时间、方式、让步、伴随情况、结果或条件等。
表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句
Seriously injuredd,she was sent to hosiptal at once.
表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句
Seen from the hill,the city looks magnificent.
表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句
Working hard at your lessons,(=If you work hard at your lessons,) you are to succeed.
表示让步,相当于一个让步状语从句
Taking more care,I still made quite a few mistakes.
表示伴随情况或补充说明
I stood by the door,not darinig to say a word.
表示结果
The fire lasted nearly a month,leaving nothing valuable.
作评注性状语,修饰整个句子,独立存在,没有逻辑主语。
常见的有:
- gernerally speaking 一般来说
- strictly speaking 严格来说
- roughly speaking 大致来说
- judging from/by…由…判断
- considering 考虑到
- allowing for 考虑到
- given 考虑到
- Considering the time,we have decided to start early tomorrow morning.
- Given her interest in children,teaching seems the right job for her.