内容来源: http://lmdvr.r-forge.r-project.org/figures/figures.html
本文只是根据其代码作修改和加注释,希望能帮助大家学习R!!
Topics covered:
- Cleveland dot plot
- Bar chart
- prop.table
克利夫兰点图 Cleveland dot plot
#library(latticeExtra)#把第一个井号去掉即可
VADeaths
class(VADeaths)
methods("dotplot")
#需载入程辑包latticeExtra
## Figure 4.1
dotplot(VADeaths, groups =TRUE,auto.key=list(space="right"),
main="Figure 4.1 groups =TRUE")
#library(latticeExtra)#把第一个井号去掉即可
VADeaths
class(VADeaths)
methods("dotplot")#载入程辑包latticeExtra
## Figure 4.1
dotplot(VADeaths, groups =FALSE,
main="Figure 4.1 groups =FALSE")
以上两段代码的对比图:
## Figure 4.2
dotplot(VADeaths, groups = FALSE,
layout = c(2, 2), aspect = 0.7,
origin = 0, #origin 起点值
type = c("p", "h"), #画点+画铅垂线
main = "Death Rates in Virginia - 1940",
xlab = "Rate (per 1000)")
- 其中type设置画图的类型,有九种可能的取值,分别代表不同的样式:
(1)'p’画点;
(2)'l’画线;
(3)'b’同时画点和线,但点线不相交;
(4)'c’将type= 'b’中的点去掉,只剩下相应的线条部分;
(5)'o’同时画点和线,且相互重叠(这是它与type = 'b’的区别);
(6)'h’画铅垂线;
(7)'s’画阶梯线,从一点到下一点时,先画水平线,再画垂直线;
(8)'S’也是画阶梯线,但从一点到下一点是先画垂直线,再画水平线;
(9)'n’作一幅空图,没有任何内容,但坐标轴、标题等其它元素都照样显示。
dotplot(VADeaths, type = "o",
auto.key = list(lines = FALSE, space = "right"),
main = "Death Rates in Virginia - 1940",
xlab = "Rate (per 1000)")
dotplot(VADeaths, type = "o",
auto.key = list(lines = TRUE, space = "right"),
main = "Death Rates in Virginia - 1940",
xlab = "Rate (per 1000)")
- lines =FALSE 和 TRUE 的图例区别
Bar chart 条形图
data(postdoc, package = "latticeExtra")
## Figure 4.5
barchart(prop.table(postdoc, margin = 1), xlab = "Proportion",
auto.key = list(adj = 0.1))
prop.table函数:频率统计函数
(1)prop.table(data):将data转换为百分比
(2)prop.table(data,1):将data按行求百分比
(3)prop.table(data,2):将data按列求百分比
其中需要注意的是data的数据类型为矩阵