Java数据结构与算法——链表

一:链表介绍:
链表是有序的列表,但是它在内存中是存储如下
在这里插入图片描述
总结:
1)链表是以节点的方式来存储,是链式存储
2)每个节点包含 data 域, next 域:指向下一个节点.
3)如图:发现链表的各个节点不一定是连续存储.
4)链表分带头节点的链表和没有头节点的链表,根据实际的需求来确定

二:单链表:
单链表(带头结点) 逻辑结构示意图如下
在这里插入图片描述
单链表的应用实例:
使用带head头的单向链表实现 –水浒英雄排行榜管理 完成对英雄人物的增删改查操作


package com.liuq.linkedlist;
 
import java.util.Stack;
 
import static com.liuq.linkedlist.SingleLinkedList.*;
 
public class SingleLinkedListDemo {
 
 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        HeroNode hero1 = new HeroNode(1, "Song", "JISHIYU");
        HeroNode hero2 = new HeroNode(2, "LU", "YUQILING");
        HeroNode hero3 = new HeroNode(3, "WU", "ZHIDUOXING");
        HeroNode hero4 = new HeroNode(4, "LINBG", "BAOZITOU");
 
        SingleLinkedList singleLinkedList = new SingleLinkedList();
        singleLinkedList.add(hero3);
        singleLinkedList.add(hero2);
        singleLinkedList.add(hero1);
        singleLinkedList.add(hero4);
        singleLinkedList.list();
        singleLinkedList.update(new HeroNode(7,"XXXXX","XXXXXXXX"));
        singleLinkedList.list();
        singleLinkedList.delete(2);
        singleLinkedList.list();
 
    }
 
 
}
 
 
class SingleLinkedList {
    private HeroNode head = new HeroNode(0, " ", " ");
 
 
    //返回头节点
    public HeroNode getHead() {
        return head;
    }
 
 
    public void add(HeroNode node) {
 
        HeroNode temp = head;
 
        while (true) {
            if (temp.getNext() == null) {
                break;
            }
 
            temp = temp.getNext();
        }
 
        temp.setNext(node);
    }
 
    public void delete(int id){
        HeroNode temp= head;
        boolean flag=false;
        if(temp.getNext()==null){
            System.out.println("linkedList  is  null ");
        }
 
        while (true){
            if(temp.getNext()==null){
                System.out.println("this node  not exist--delete");
                break;
            }
 
            if(temp.getNext().getId()==id){
                flag=true;
                break;
            }
            temp=temp.getNext();
 
        }
 
        if(flag){
            temp.setNext(temp.getNext().getNext());
        }
 
 
 
 
    }
 
 
    public void update(HeroNode  node){
           HeroNode temp= head;
           if(temp.getNext()==null){
               System.out.println("linkedList  is  null ");
           }
 
           while (true){
               if(temp==null){
                   System.out.println("this id  not exist");
                   break;
               }
 
 
               if(temp.getId()==node.getId()){
                   temp.setName(node.getName());
                   temp.setNikeName(node.getNikeName());
                   break;
               }
               temp=temp.getNext();
           }
 
    }
 
    public void list() {
        //判断链表是否为空
        if (head.getNext() == null) {
            System.out.println("链表为空");
            return;
        }
 
        HeroNode temp = head.getNext();
 
        while (true) {
            if (temp == null) {
                System.out.println("遍历结束");
                break;
            }
 
            System.out.println(temp.toString());
            temp = temp.getNext();
 
 
        }
 
    }
 
}
 
 
class HeroNode {
 
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String nikeName;
    private HeroNode next;
 
 
    public HeroNode(int id, String name, String nikeName) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.nikeName = nikeName;
    }
 
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public String getNikeName() {
        return nikeName;
    }
 
    public void setNikeName(String nikeName) {
        this.nikeName = nikeName;
    }
 
    public HeroNode getNext() {
        return next;
    }
 
    public void setNext(HeroNode next) {
        this.next = next;
    }
 
 
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "HeroNode{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", nikeName='" + nikeName + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

有序的插入元素(ID排序):

  public void addByOrder(HeroNode node) {
        HeroNode temp = head;
        boolean flag = false;
        while (true) {
            if (temp.getNext() == null) {
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
 
            if (temp.getNext().getId() < node.getId()) {
                flag = true;
                break;
            }
            if(temp.getNext().getId() == node.getId()){
                break;
            }
            temp = temp.getNext();
        }
 
        if (flag) {
            //插入到链表中, temp的后面
            node.setNext(temp.getNext());
            temp.setNext(node);
        }
    }

求单链表中有效节点的个数:

  public static int getLengthSelf(HeroNode head) {
        HeroNode temp = head;
        int count = 0;
        if (temp.getNext() == null) {
            return 0;
        }
        while (true) {
 
            if (temp == null) {
                break;
            }
            if (temp.getNext() != null) {
                count++;
            }
            temp = temp.getNext();
        }
 
        System.out.println("length: " + count);
        return count;
 
    }

查找单链表中的倒数第k个结点 :

 //查找单链表中的倒数第k个结点 【新浪面试题】
    public static HeroNode findLastIndexNode(HeroNode head ,int lastIndex){
 
        if(head==null){
            return null;
        }
 
        int length = getLengthSelf(head);
 
        if(length==0 || length-lastIndex<0){
         return  null;
        }
        HeroNode cur = head.getNext(); //3 // 3 - 1 = 2
        for(int i = 0; i < length-lastIndex; i++) {
            cur=cur.getNext();
        }
 
        System.out.println(cur.getId());
        return cur;
    }

单链表的反转:

  //将单链表反转
    public static void reversetList(HeroNode head) {
 
        if(head.getNext()==null || head.getNext().getNext()==null){
                    return;
        }
 
        //相当于一个临时的链表
        HeroNode  reversetHead=new HeroNode(0," ","");
        HeroNode  cur =head.getNext();
        //临时的节点  存储cur的状态
        HeroNode  next =null;
 
        while (cur!=null){
            next=cur.getNext();
            //相当于把 cur.next节点 改成了reversetHead(头结点的下一个节点)的下一个节点
            //是因为现在cur节点还是目标链表的元素
            cur.setNext(reversetHead.getNext());
            //上一行代码的赋值
            reversetHead.setNext(cur);
            cur = next;//让cur后移
 
        }
        //反转完成后 赋值给目标节点
      //  head=reversetHead;  为什么这样不行
        head.setNext(reversetHead.getNext());
    }

从尾到头打印单链表 :

//反转打印链表   利用栈的先进后出特点  java自带的api  Stack
    public static void reversetPrint(HeroNode head) {
        if(head.getNext()==null ){
            return;
        }
 
        Stack stack=new Stack<HeroNode>();
        HeroNode  cur=head.getNext();
        while (cur!=null){
            stack.push(cur);
            cur=cur.getNext();
        }
 
        while (stack.size()>0){
            System.out.println("stack pop :"+ stack.pop());
        }
 
    }

三:双链表:
使用带head头的双向链表实现 –水浒英雄排行榜
管理单向链表的缺点分析: 单向链表,查找的方向只能是一个方向,而双向链 表可以向前或者向后查找。
单向链表不能自我删除,需要靠辅助节点 ,而双向 链表,则可以自我删除,所以单链表删除 时节点,总是找到temp,temp是待删除节点的前一 个节点(认真体会).
双向链表的增删改查:

package com.liuq.linkedlist;

public class DoubleLinkedListDemo {
 
 
    public static void main(String [] args){
 
        // 测试
        System.out.println("DoubleLinkedListDemo Test");
        // 先创建节点
        HeroNode2 hero1 = new HeroNode2(1, "1", "11");
        HeroNode2 hero2 = new HeroNode2(2, "2", "22");
        HeroNode2 hero3 = new HeroNode2(3, "3", "33");
        HeroNode2 hero4 = new HeroNode2(4, "4", "44");
        // 创建一个双向链表
        DoubleLinkedList doubleLinkedList = new DoubleLinkedList();
        doubleLinkedList.add(hero1);
        doubleLinkedList.add(hero2);
        doubleLinkedList.add(hero3);
        doubleLinkedList.add(hero4);
 
        doubleLinkedList.list();
        doubleLinkedList.update(new HeroNode2(3,"33","333"));
        doubleLinkedList.list();
    }
}
 
// 创建一个双向链表的类
class DoubleLinkedList {
 
    // 先初始化一个头节点, 头节点不要动, 不存放具体的数据
    private HeroNode2 head = new HeroNode2(0, "", "");
 
    public HeroNode2 getHead() {
        return head;
    }
 
    public  void add(HeroNode2 node){
 
       HeroNode2 temp= head;
        while (true){
            //null 时  指向了链表的最后
            if(temp.next==null){
                temp.next=node;
                node.pre=temp;
                node.next=null;
                break;
            }
            temp=temp.next;
        }
 
    }
    public  void dele(HeroNode2 node){
 
        HeroNode2 temp= head.next;
 
        if(temp==null){
            return;
        }
 
        while (true){
 
            if(temp==null){
                break;
            }
 
            if(temp.no==node.no){
                temp.pre.next=temp.next;
 
                //注意这里如果是最后一个节点  这里会报空指针
                if (temp.next != null) {
                    temp.next.pre = temp.pre;
                }
            }
        }
 
    }
 
    public void update(HeroNode2 node){
 
        HeroNode2 temp= head.next;
 
        if(temp==null){
            return;
        }
 
        while (true){
            if(temp==null){
                break;
            }
 
            if(temp.no==node.no){
              //  node.next=temp.next;
             //   node.pre=temp.pre;
                temp.name = node.name;
                temp.nickname = node.nickname;
                break;
            }
            temp=temp.next;
        }
 
    }
 
    public  void list(){
 
        if(head.next==null){
            return;
        }
 
        HeroNode2 temp=head;
        while (temp!=null){
 
            if(temp.next==null){
                 break;
            }
 
            System.out.println(temp.next.toString());
            temp=temp.next;
        }
 
    }
 
}
 
// 定义HeroNode2 , 每个HeroNode 对象就是一个节点
class HeroNode2 {
    public int no;
    public String name;
    public String nickname;
    public HeroNode2 next; // 指向下一个节点, 默认为null
    public HeroNode2 pre; // 指向前一个节点, 默认为null
    // 构造器
 
    public HeroNode2(int no, String name, String nickname) {
        this.no = no;
        this.name = name;
        this.nickname = nickname;
    }
 
    // 为了显示方法,我们重新toString
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "HeroNode [no=" + no + ", name=" + name + ", nickname=" + nickname + "]";
    }
 
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/ELSA001/article/details/105546737