7.6 yum更换国内源
- 恢复系统默认yum源配置:
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d [root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls dvd.repo [root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# rm -f dvd.repo [root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls [root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# cp ../yum.repos.d.bak/* . [root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
- 自定义yum源:
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# rm -fv CentOS-Bace.repo
先删除默认yum源,然后使用wget命令建立新yum源:
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-base-163.repo
-bash: wget: 未找到命令
此时wget命令未安装,同时删除了yum源文件,无法安装wget包。
所以用下面的方法:“curl命令”
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# curl -O http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 1572 100 1572 0 0 17686 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 17662
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
说明: 执行完curl命令后,原有yum源文件CentOS-Base.repo被替换成CentOS7-Base-163.repo。查看该yum源文件:
其镜像文件地址更换为:“baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/
注: 该过程中使用的yum源需要事先下载。
7.7 yum下载rpm包
安装扩展源epel
安装一个扩展源文件(epel-release)即可:
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
正在清理软件源: base extras updates
Cleaning up everything
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum install wget
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 156 kB 00:00:00
(2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 129 kB 00:00:00
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.6 MB 00:00:03
(4/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:02:45
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 wget.x86_64.0.1.14-15.el7_4.1 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
========================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
========================================================================================================================
正在安装:
wget x86_64 1.14-15.el7_4.1 updates 547 k
事务概要
========================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量:547 k
安装大小:2.0 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: n
Exiting on user command
您的事务已保存,请执行:
yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-50.OIpKT3.yumtx 重新执行该事务
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 epel-release.noarch.0.7-9 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=======================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=======================================================================================================================
正在安装:
epel-release noarch 7-9 extras 14 k
事务概要
=======================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量:14 k
安装大小:24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-9.noarch.rpm | 14 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
正在安装 : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1
验证中 : epel-release-7-9.noarch 1/1
已安装:
epel-release.noarch 0:7-9
完毕!
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel.repo
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel-testing.repo
安装完成后,yum.repos.d/下增加“epel.repo”、“epel-testing.repo”两个文件:
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
……
增加了很多来自epel库的rpm包。
下载rpm包
下载
命令:yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=======================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=======================================================================================================================
正在安装:
zsh x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 base 2.4 M
事务概要
=======================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量:2.4 M
安装大小:5.6 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:01
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# rpm -q zsh
未安装软件包 zsh
即,该命令的含义就是只下载不安装。
下载的包默认保存位置为:
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/packages
zsh-5.0.2-25.el7_3.1.x86_64.rpm
自定义下载目录
命令:yum install -y [包名] --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/(自定义目录)
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum install zsh --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 zsh.x86_64.0.5.0.2-28.el7 将被 安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=======================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=======================================================================================================================
正在安装:
zsh x86_64 5.0.2-28.el7 base 2.4 M
事务概要
=======================================================================================================================
安装 1 软件包
总下载量:2.4 M
安装大小:5.6 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
1.txt ping
1.txt.bz2 systemd-private-5e7aac884de0454ba5ebd5bd9d00d313-vmtoolsd.service-uIAz6R
1.txt.gz systemd-private-8ec0e8c254d142359576e2a0e2bfe61a-vmtoolsd.service-LyBTUz
1.txt.xz systemd-private-a02183c10a59447b842c913b6dc422af-vmtoolsd.service-rIsyod
88.txt yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-33.m0bd_Z.yumtx
cham yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-43.dn3y8u.yumtx
说明: 当下一个已经安装过的包时系统不会执行任何操作,此时可以使用“reinstall”来下该包。
下载一个已经安装过的包:
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# yum reinstall -y vim-enhanced --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp/
已加载插件:fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 vim-enhanced.x86_64.2.7.4.160-2.el7 将被 已重新安装
--> 解决依赖关系完成
依赖关系解决
=======================================================================================================================
Package 架构 版本 源 大小
=======================================================================================================================
重新安装:
vim-enhanced x86_64 2:7.4.160-2.el7 base 1.0 M
事务概要
=======================================================================================================================
重新安装 1 软件包
总下载量:1.0 M
安装大小:2.2 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:00:00
exiting because "Download Only" specified
[root@cham3 yum.repos.d]# ls /tmp/
1.txt systemd-private-5e7aac884de0454ba5ebd5bd9d00d313-vmtoolsd.service-uIAz6R
1.txt.bz2 systemd-private-8ec0e8c254d142359576e2a0e2bfe61a-vmtoolsd.service-LyBTUz
1.txt.gz systemd-private-a02183c10a59447b842c913b6dc422af-vmtoolsd.service-rIsyod
1.txt.xz vim-enhanced-7.4.160-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
88.txt yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-33.m0bd_Z.yumtx
cham yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-43.dn3y8u.yumtx
cham1 yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.17-50.OIpKT3.yumtx
chamlinux yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.20-17.M797gr.yumtx
ch.log yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.20-28.vE5oCa.yumtx
d6z yum_save_tx.2017-11-13.20-31.IAN7EJ.yumtx
ping zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
7.8-7.9 源码包安装
先下载一个源码包!
注: 今后所有源码包放到目录“/usr/local/src/”!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[root@cham3 src]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
下载Apache!该地址来自于“阿铭码市”。
下载完后解压该文件:
[root@cham3 src]# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
[root@cham3 src]# ls
httpd-2.2.32 httpd-2.2.32.tar.gz
查看文件httpd-2.2.32的内容:
[root@cham3 src]# cd httpd-2.2.34
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE BuildBin.dsp configure.in httpd.mak LAYOUT Makefile.in os server
acinclude.m4 buildconf docs httpd.spec libhttpd.dep Makefile.win README srclib
Apache.dsw CHANGES emacs-style include libhttpd.dsp modules README.platforms support
build config.layout httpd.dep INSTALL libhttpd.mak NOTICE README-win32.txt test
BuildAll.dsp configure httpd.dsp InstallBin.dsp LICENSE NWGNUmakefile ROADMAP VERSIONING
安装Apache:
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]#
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
……
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... no
checking for cc... no
当某命令运行结束后,使用"echo $?"检验其是否正确:
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
1
当该值为0时表示上一条命令正确,如果值为1则错误。
此处值为1,即上面命令错误,查看其安装过程发现“checking for gcc... no”——表示“gcc”编译器不存在,所以需要先安装gcc编译器:
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# yum install -y gcc
…………
完毕!
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
再次安装。
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
检测,正确。
②
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# make 编译!
……
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
③
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# make install
……
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
0
每次命令执行完后用“echo $?”进行检测,确保其正确。
安装完成!
查看其安装目录的内容:
[root@cham3 httpd-2.2.34]# ls /usr/local/apache2/
bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include lib logs man manual modules
注: 下载源码包要到官方网站或可信任站点——安全!