一、基本数据类型
1、数字类型
1.1整形int
作用:用来记录"整数"相关的状态
定义:
age = 18
1.2浮点型float
作用:用来记录"小数"相关的状态
定义:
height = 168
1.3长整型(了解)
在python2中(python3中没有长整型):
>>> num = 2L
>>> type(num) # <type'long'>
1.4复数(了解)
>>> x = 1-2j
>>> x.real # 1.0
>>> x.imag # -2.0
1.5数字类型的使用
a = 1
b = 2
c = a + b
print(c)
x = 10
y = 11
print(x > y)
2、字符串类型str
# 作用:用来记录描述性质的状态
# 定义:
name = ‘melody’
sex = ‘female’
# Ps:单引号、双引号、多引号都是可以定义字符串,但是:
1)引号嵌套:内层有单引号,外层就需要用双引号
2)多引号可以写多行字符串
2.1字符串的使用
name = 'melody'
age = 3
print(name + age)
print(name * 5)
name='*egon**'
print(name.strip('*'))
print(name.lstrip('*'))
print(name.rstrip('*'))
name='egon'
print(name.lower())
print(name.upper())
name='alex_SB'
print(name.endswith('SB'))
print(name.startswith('alex'))
res='{} {} {}'.format('egon',18,'male')
res='{1} {0} {1}'.format('egon',18,'male')
res='{name} {age} {sex}'.format(sex='male',name='egon',age=18)
name='root:x:0:0::/root:/bin/bash'
print(name.split(':'))
name='C:/a/b/c/d.txt'
print(name.split('/',1))
name='a|b|c'
print(name.rsplit('|',1))
tag=' '
print(tag.join(['egon','say','hello','world']))
name='alex say :i have one tesla,my name is alex'
print(name.replace('alex','SB',1))
age=input('>>: ')
print(age.isdigit())
3、列表list
# 作用:用来记录多个同种属性的值
# 定义:
student_names = ['melody','egon','tank']
3.1列表的使用
stu_names = ['melody','egon','tank']
print(stu_names[0])
students_info = [['melody',3,['play',]],['egon',18,['play','sleep']]]
print(students_info[0][2][0])
4、字典dict
# 作用:用来记录多个不同属性的值,用key:value的形式来存储数据,其中key可以对value有描述性的功能
# 定义:
person_info = {'name':'melody','age':3,'height':165.5}
4.1字典的使用
preson_info = {'name':'melody','age':3,'height':165.5}
print(preson_info['name'])
students=[
{'name':'tony','age':38,'hobbies':['play','sleep']},{'name':'jack','age':18,'hobbies':['read','sleep']},
{'name':'rose','age':58,'hobbies':['music','read','sleep']},
]
print(students[1]['hobbies'][1])
5、布尔bool
# 作用:用来记录真假两种状态