在Master节点部署组件
在部署Kubernetes之前一定要确保etcd、flannel、docker是正常工作的,否则先解决问题再继续。
生成证书
master节点操作--给api-server创建的证书。别的服务访问api-server的时候需要通过证书认证
创建CA证书:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/crt/
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd /opt/crt/
# vim ca-config.json
{
"signing": {
"default": {
"expiry": "87600h"
},
"profiles": {
"kubernetes": {
"expiry": "87600h",
"usages": [
"signing",
"key encipherment",
"server auth",
"client auth"
]
}
}
}
}
# vim ca-csr.json
# cat ca-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "Beijing",
"ST": "Beijing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
生成apiserver证书:
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# vim server-csr.json
# cat server-csr.json
{
"CN": "kubernetes",
"hosts": [
"10.0.0.1", //这是后面dns要使用的虚拟网络的网关,不用改,就用这个切忌
"127.0.0.1",
"192.168.246.162", // master的IP地址。
"192.168.246.164",
"192.168.246.165",
"kubernetes",
"kubernetes.default",
"kubernetes.default.svc",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
生成kube-proxy证书:
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# vim kube-proxy-csr.json
# cat kube-proxy-csr.json
{
"CN": "system:kube-proxy",
"hosts": [],
"key": {
"algo": "rsa",
"size": 2048
},
"names": [
{
"C": "CN",
"L": "BeiJing",
"ST": "BeiJing",
"O": "k8s",
"OU": "System"
}
]
}
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
最终生成以下证书文件:
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# ls *pem
ca-key.pem ca.pem kube-proxy-key.pem kube-proxy.pem server-key.pem server.pem
部署apiserver组件---在master节点进行 下载二进制包:https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.11.md 下载这个包(kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz)就够了,包含了所需的所有组件。
# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.11.10/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -pv
# tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cd kubernetes/server/bin
# cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubectl /opt/kubernetes/bin
从生成证书的机器拷贝证书到master1,master2:----由于证书在master1上面生成的,因此这一步不用scp。
# scp server.pem server-key.pem ca.pem ca-key.pem k8s-master1:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
# scp server.pem server-key.pem ca.pem ca-key.pem k8s-master2:/opt/kubernetes/ssl/
如下操作:
[root@k8s-master1 bin]# cd /opt/crt/
# cp server.pem server-key.pem ca.pem ca-key.pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
创建token文件:
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# cd /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
# vim token.csv
# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"
第一列:随机字符串,自己可生成
第二列:用户名
第三列:UID
第四列:用户组
创建apiserver配置文件:
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# pwd
/opt/kubernetes/cfg
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# vim kube-apiserver
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# cat kube-apiserver
KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.246.162:2379,https://192.168.246.164:2379,https://192.168.246.165:2379 \
--bind-address=192.168.246.162 \ #master的ip地址,就是安装api-server的机器地址
--secure-port=6443 \
--advertise-address=192.168.246.162 \
--allow-privileged=true \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \ #这里就用这个网段切记不要修改
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 \
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"
配置好前面生成的证书,确保能连接etcd。
参数说明:
* --logtostderr 启用日志
* --v 日志等级
* --etcd-servers etcd集群地址
* --bind-address 监听地址
* --secure-port https安全端口
* --advertise-address 集群通告地址
* --allow-privileged 启用授权
* --service-cluster-ip-range Service虚拟IP地址段
* --enable-admission-plugins 准入控制模块
* --authorization-mode 认证授权,启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
* --enable-bootstrap-token-auth 启用TLS bootstrap功能,后面会讲到
* --token-auth-file token文件
* --service-node-port-range Service Node类型默认分配端口范围
systemd管理apiserver:
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
# vim kube-apiserver.service
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动:
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-apiserver
# systemctl start kube-apiserver
部署schduler组件---master节点
创建schduler配置文件:
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# vim kube-scheduler
# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect"
参数说明:
* --master 连接本地apiserver
* --leader-elect 当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
systemd管理schduler组件:
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/
# vim kube-scheduler.service
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动:
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-scheduler
# systemctl start kube-scheduler
部署controller-manager组件--控制管理组件
master节点操作:创建controller-manager配置文件:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# vim kube-controller-manager
# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
--leader-elect=true \
--address=127.0.0.1 \
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \ //这是后面dns要使用的虚拟网络,不用改,就用这个 切忌
--cluster-name=kubernetes \
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"
systemd管理controller-manager组件:
[root@k8s-master1 cfg]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@k8s-master1 system]# vim kube-controller-manager.service
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动:
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
# systemctl start kube-controller-manager
所有组件都已经启动成功,通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-2 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health": "true"}
如上输出说明组件都正常。
配置Master负载均衡
所谓的Master HA,其实就是APIServer的HA,Master的其他组件controller-manager、scheduler都是可以通过etcd做选举(--leader-elect),而APIServer设计的就是可扩展性,所以做到APIServer很容易,只要前面加一个负载均衡轮询转发请求即可。•在私有云平台添加一个内网四层LB,不对外提供服务,只做apiserver负载均衡,配置如下:
其他公有云LB配置大同小异,只要理解了数据流程就好配置了。
在Node节点部署组件
Master apiserver启用TLS认证后,Node节点kubelet组件想要加入集群,必须使用CA签发的有效证书才能与apiserver通信,当Node节点很多时,签署证书是一件很繁琐的事情,因此有了TLS Bootstrapping机制,kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书,kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。
认证大致工作流程如图所示:
----------------------下面这些操作在master节点完成:---------------------------
将kubelet-bootstrap用户绑定到系统集群角色
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
--clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubelet-bootstrap created
创建kubeconfig文件:
在生成kubernetes证书的目录下执行以下命令生成kubeconfig文件:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# cd /opt/crt/
指定apiserver 内网负载均衡地址
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.246.162:6443" #写你master的ip地址,集群中就写负载均衡的ip地址
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN=674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc
# 设置集群参数
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置客户端认证参数
[root@k8s-master crt]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap \
--token=${BOOTSTRAP_TOKEN} \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置上下文参数
[root@k8s-master crt]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kubelet-bootstrap \
--kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
# 设置默认上下文
[root@k8s-master crt]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
#==================================================
# 创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
--certificate-authority=ca.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
--client-certificate=kube-proxy.pem \
--client-key=kube-proxy-key.pem \
--embed-certs=true \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl config set-context default \
--cluster=kubernetes \
--user=kube-proxy \
--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# ls
bootstrap.kubeconfig kube-proxy.kubeconfig
#必看:将这两个文件拷贝到Node节点/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下。
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# scp *.kubeconfig k8s-node1:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
[root@k8s-master1 crt]# scp *.kubeconfig k8s-node2:/opt/kubernetes/cfg/
----------------------下面这些操作在node节点完成:---------------------------
部署kubelet组件
#将前面下载的二进制包中的kubelet和kube-proxy拷贝到/opt/kubernetes/bin目录下。
将master上面的包拷贝过去
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# scp kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz k8s-node1:/root/
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# scp kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz k8s-node2:/root/
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# tar xzf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# cd kubernetes/server/bin/
[root@k8s-node1 bin]# cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin/
#===============================================
在两个node节点创建kubelet配置文件:
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.246.164 \ #每个节点自己的ip地址
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \
--config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config \
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0" #这个镜像需要提前下载。
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0
[root@k8s-node2 ~]# docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0
参数说明:
* --hostname-override 在集群中显示的主机名
* --kubeconfig 指定kubeconfig文件位置,会自动生成
* --bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定刚才生成的bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
* --cert-dir 颁发证书存放位置
* --pod-infra-container-image 管理Pod网络的镜像
其中/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config配置文件如下:
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.config
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
address: 192.168.246.164 #写你机器的ip地址
port: 10250
readOnlyPort: 10255
cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
clusterDNS: ["10.0.0.2"] #不要改,就是这个ip地址
clusterDomain: cluster.local.
failSwapOn: false
authentication:
anonymous:
enabled: true
webhook:
enabled: false
systemd管理kubelet组件:
# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动:
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kubelet
# systemctl start kubelet
在Master审批Node加入集群:
启动后还没加入到集群中,需要手动允许该节点才可以。在Master节点查看请求签名的Node:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
node-csr--1TVDzcozo7NoOD3WS2t9xLQqNunsVXj_i2AQ5x1mbs 1m kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
node-csr-L0wqvr69oy8rzXwFm1u1uNx4aEMOOvd_RWPxaAERn_w 27m kubelet-bootstrap Approved,Issued
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl certificate approve XXXXID
注意:xxxid 指的是上面的NAME这一列
查看集群节点信息:
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.246.164 Ready <none> 1m v1.11.10
192.168.246.165 Ready <none> 17s v1.11.10
部署kube-proxy组件
创建kube-proxy配置文件:还是在所有node节点
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# vim /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true \
--v=4 \
--hostname-override=192.168.246.164 \ #写每个node节点ip
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 \ //不要改,就是这个ip
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"
systemd管理kube-proxy组件:
[root@k8s-node1 ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system
# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动:
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-proxy
# systemctl start kube-proxy
在master查看集群状态
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
192.168.246.164 Ready <none> 19m v1.11.10
192.168.246.165 Ready <none> 18m v1.11.10
查看集群状态
[root@k8s-master1 ~]# /opt/kubernetes/bin/kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
scheduler Healthy ok
controller-manager Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-1 Healthy {"health": "true"}
etcd-2 Healthy {"health": "true"}
==========================================================