主要以下层面去分析Vector
Vector介绍
Vector架构设计（数据结构）
Vector源码分析
Vector遍历方式，性能，示例
Vector介绍
Vector简介
Vector 是矢量队列，它是JDK1.0版本添加的类。继承于AbstractList，实现了List, RandomAccess, Cloneable这些接口。
Vector 继承了AbstractList，实现了List；所以，它是一个队列，支持相关的添加、删除、修改、遍历等功能。
Vector 实现了RandmoAccess接口，即提供了随机访问功能。RandmoAccess是java中用来被List实现，为List提供快速访问功能的。在Vector中，我们即可以通过元素的序号快速获取元素对象；这就是快速随机访问。
Vector 实现了Cloneable接口，即实现clone()函数。它能被克隆。
和ArrayList不同，Vector中的操作是线程安全的。
Vector类的4个构造函数：
// capacity是Vector的默认容量大小，capacityIncrement是每次Vector容量增加时的增量值。
public Vector(int initialCapacity, int capacityIncrement) {
super();
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
//新建一个数组，数组容量是initialCapacity
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
//设置增长容量增长系数
this.capacityIncrement = capacityIncrement;
}
//设置初始化容量，当由于增加数据导致容量增加时，每次容量会增加一倍。
public Vector(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, 0);
}
//默认构造函数 ，未指定，默认初始化容量是10
public Vector() {
this(10);
}
public Vector(Collection<? extends E> c) {
elementData = c.toArray();
elementCount = elementData.length;
// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount, Object[].class);
}Vector 的API
synchronized boolean add(E object)
void add(int location, E object)
synchronized boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> collection)
synchronized boolean addAll(int location, Collection<? extends E> collection)
synchronized void addElement(E object)
synchronized int capacity()
void clear()
synchronized Object clone()
boolean contains(Object object)
synchronized boolean containsAll(Collection<?> collection)
synchronized void copyInto(Object[] elements)
synchronized E elementAt(int location)
Enumeration<E> elements()
synchronized void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity)
synchronized boolean equals(Object object)
synchronized E firstElement()
E get(int location)
synchronized int hashCode()
synchronized int indexOf(Object object, int location)
int indexOf(Object object)
synchronized void insertElementAt(E object, int location)
synchronized boolean isEmpty()
synchronized E lastElement()
synchronized int lastIndexOf(Object object, int location)
synchronized int lastIndexOf(Object object)
synchronized E remove(int location)
boolean remove(Object object)
synchronized boolean removeAll(Collection<?> collection)
synchronized void removeAllElements()
synchronized boolean removeElement(Object object)
synchronized void removeElementAt(int location)
synchronized boolean retainAll(Collection<?> collection)
synchronized E set(int location, E object)
synchronized void setElementAt(E object, int location)
synchronized void setSize(int length)
synchronized int size()
synchronized List<E> subList(int start, int end)
synchronized <T> T[] toArray(T[] contents)
synchronized Object[] toArray()
synchronized String toString()
synchronized void trimToSize()看到每个方法都添加了synchronized。
Vector架构设计（数据结构）
Vector的继承关系如下所示：
java.lang.Object
↳ java.util.AbstractCollection<E>
↳ java.util.AbstractList<E>
↳ java.util.Vector<E>
public class Vector<E>
extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.SerializableVector与Collection关系如下图：
Vector的数据结构和ArrayList差不多，它包含了3个成员变量：elementData , elementCount， capacityIncrement。
(1) elementData 是"Object[]类型的数组"，它保存了添加到Vector中的元素。elementData是个动态数组，如果初始化Vector时，没指定动态数组的>大小，则使用默认大小10。随着Vector中元素的增加，Vector的容量也会动态增长，capacityIncrement是与容量增长相关的增长系数，具体的增长方式，请参考源码分析中的ensureCapacity()函数。
(2) elementCount 是动态数组的实际大小。
(3) capacityIncrement 是动态数组的增长系数。如果在创建Vector时，指定了capacityIncrement的大小；则，每次当Vector中动态数组容量增加时>，增加的大小都是capacityIncrement。
Vector源码分析
public class Vector<E>
extends AbstractList<E>
implements List<E>, RandomAccess, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable {
/**
* The array buffer into which the components of the vector are
* stored. The capacity of the vector is the length of this array buffer,
* and is at least large enough to contain all the vector's elements.
*
* <p>Any array elements following the last element in the Vector are null.
*
* @serial
*/
//保存Vector中数据的数组
protected Object[] elementData;
/**
* The number of valid components in this {@code Vector} object.
* Components {@code elementData[0]} through
* {@code elementData[elementCount-1]} are the actual items.
*
* @serial
*/
//数组实际的长度
protected int elementCount;
/**
* The amount by which the capacity of the vector is automatically
* incremented when its size becomes greater than its capacity. If
* the capacity increment is less than or equal to zero, the capacity
* of the vector is doubled each time it needs to grow.
*
* @serial
*/
//扩容因子（容量增长系数）
protected int capacityIncrement;
/**
* use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability
*/
//vector的序列化版本号
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2767605614048989439L;
/**
* Constructs an empty vector with the specified initial capacity and
* capacity increment.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the vector
* @param capacityIncrement the amount by which the capacity is
* increased when the vector overflows
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
* is negative
*/
// 指定Vector"容量大小"和"增长系数"的构造函数
public Vector(int initialCapacity, int capacityIncrement) {
super();
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
//新建一个数组，数组容量是initialCapacity
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
//设置增长容量增长系数
this.capacityIncrement = capacityIncrement;
}
/**
* Constructs an empty vector with the specified initial capacity and
* with its capacity increment equal to zero.
*
* @param initialCapacity the initial capacity of the vector
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified initial capacity
* is negative
*/
//指定初始化容量的构造函数
public Vector(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, 0);
}
/**
* Constructs an empty vector so that its internal data array
* has size {@code 10} and its standard capacity increment is
* zero.
*/
//无参构造，初始化容量设置为10
public Vector() {
this(10);
}
/**
* Constructs a vector containing the elements of the specified
* collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
* iterator.
*
* @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this
* vector
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
* @since 1.2
*/
//指定几个的Vector的构造函数
public Vector(Collection<? extends E> c) {
//获取集合C的数组，并将其值赋值给elementData
elementData = c.toArray();
//设置数组长度
elementCount = elementData.length;
// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
//把
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
//Arrays.copyOf()不仅仅只是拷贝数组中的元素，在拷贝元素时，会创建一个新的数组对象。
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount, Object[].class);
}
/**
* Copies the components of this vector into the specified array.
* The item at index {@code k} in this vector is copied into
* component {@code k} of {@code anArray}.
*
* @param anArray the array into which the components get copied
* @throws NullPointerException if the given array is null
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the specified array is not
* large enough to hold all the components of this vector
* @throws ArrayStoreException if a component of this vector is not of
* a runtime type that can be stored in the specified array
* @see #toArray(Object[])
*/
//将数组Vector的全部元素都拷贝到数组anArray中
public synchronized void copyInto(Object[] anArray) {
System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, anArray, 0, elementCount);
}
/**
* Trims the capacity of this vector to be the vector's current
* size. If the capacity of this vector is larger than its current
* size, then the capacity is changed to equal the size by replacing
* its internal data array, kept in the field {@code elementData},
* with a smaller one. An application can use this operation to
* minimize the storage of a vector.
*/
//将当前容量值设置为等于实际元素个数
public synchronized void trimToSize() {
modCount++;
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
if (elementCount < oldCapacity) {
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount);
}
}
/**
* Increases the capacity of this vector, if necessary, to ensure
* that it can hold at least the number of components specified by
* the minimum capacity argument.
*
* <p>If the current capacity of this vector is less than
* {@code minCapacity}, then its capacity is increased by replacing its
* internal data array, kept in the field {@code elementData}, with a
* larger one. The size of the new data array will be the old size plus
* {@code capacityIncrement}, unless the value of
* {@code capacityIncrement} is less than or equal to zero, in which case
* the new capacity will be twice the old capacity; but if this new size
* is still smaller than {@code minCapacity}, then the new capacity will
* be {@code minCapacity}.
*
* @param minCapacity the desired minimum capacity
*/
//确认Vecotr容量的辅助函数，在执行扩容的时候使用到
public synchronized void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
if (minCapacity > 0) {
//每次数据结构改变，这里的modcount都会变化，这里我的理解是主要为了jdk的fail-fast机制使用
modCount++;
//这里主要是执行的grow（），也就是扩容操作， 当Vector的容量不足以容纳当前的全部元素，增加容量大小。
ensureCapacityHelper(minCapacity);
/* //获取当前数组的长度
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
// 若 容量增量系数>0(即capacityIncrement>0)，则将容量增大当capacityIncrement。
// 否则，将容量增大一倍。
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ?
capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
//巨大扩容函数
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
//扩容后要进行执行copy操作
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);*/
}
}
/**
* This implements the unsynchronized semantics of ensureCapacity.
* Synchronized methods in this class can internally call this
* method for ensuring capacity without incurring the cost of an
* extra synchronization.
*
* @see #ensureCapacity(int)
*/
private void ensureCapacityHelper(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
grow(minCapacity);
}
/**
* The maximum size of array to allocate.
* Some VMs reserve some header words in an array.
* Attempts to allocate larger arrays may result in
* OutOfMemoryError: Requested array size exceeds VM limit
*/
private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
//真正的扩容函数。
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + ((capacityIncrement > 0) ?
capacityIncrement : oldCapacity);
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
//巨大扩容函数
private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
throw new OutOfMemoryError();
return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
Integer.MAX_VALUE :
MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}
/**
* Sets the size of this vector. If the new size is greater than the
* current size, new {@code null} items are added to the end of
* the vector. If the new size is less than the current size, all
* components at index {@code newSize} and greater are discarded.
*
* @param newSize the new size of this vector
* @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if the new size is negative
*/
//设置容量值，看代码其实很简单，就是几个获取和赋值而已
public synchronized void setSize(int newSize) {
modCount++;
if (newSize > elementCount) {
ensureCapacityHelper(newSize);
} else {
for (int i = newSize; i < elementCount; i++) {
elementData[i] = null;
}
}
elementCount = newSize;
}
/**
* Returns the current capacity of this vector.
*
* @return the current capacity (the length of its internal
* data array, kept in the field {@code elementData}
* of this vector)
*/
//返回Vector总的容量
public synchronized int capacity() {
return elementData.length;
}
/**
* Returns the number of components in this vector.
*
* @return the number of components in this vector
*/
//返回Vector的实际大小
public synchronized int size() {
return elementCount;
}
/**
* Tests if this vector has no components.
*
* @return {@code true} if and only if this vector has
* no components, that is, its size is zero;
* {@code false} otherwise.
*/
//判断是否为null
public synchronized boolean isEmpty() {
return elementCount == 0;
}
/**
* Returns an enumeration of the components of this vector. The
* returned {@code Enumeration} object will generate all items in
* this vector. The first item generated is the item at index {@code 0},
* then the item at index {@code 1}, and so on.
*
* @return an enumeration of the components of this vector
* @see Iterator
*/
//返回“Vector中全部元素对应的Enumeration”
public Enumeration<E> elements() {
// 通过匿名类实现Enumeration
return new Enumeration<E>() {
int count = 0;
// 是否存在下一个元素
public boolean hasMoreElements() {
return count < elementCount;
}
// 获取下一个元素
public E nextElement() {
synchronized (Vector.this) {
if (count < elementCount) {
return elementData(count++);
}
}
throw new NoSuchElementException("Vector Enumeration");
}
};
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this vector contains the specified element.
* More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this vector
* contains at least one element {@code e} such that
* <tt>(o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))</tt>.
*
* @param o element whose presence in this vector is to be tested
* @return {@code true} if this vector contains the specified element
*/
// 返回Vector中是否包含对象(o)
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o, 0) >= 0;
}
/**
* Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element
* in this vector, or -1 if this vector does not contain the element.
* More formally, returns the lowest index {@code i} such that
* <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt>,
* or -1 if there is no such index.
*
* @param o element to search for
* @return the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in
* this vector, or -1 if this vector does not contain the element
*/
// 查找并返回元素(o)在Vector中的索引值
public int indexOf(Object o) {
return indexOf(o, 0);
}
/**
* Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in
* this vector, searching forwards from {@code index}, or returns -1 if
* the element is not found.
* More formally, returns the lowest index {@code i} such that
* <tt>(i >= index && (o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i))))</tt>,
* or -1 if there is no such index.
*
* @param o element to search for
* @param index index to start searching from
* @return the index of the first occurrence of the element in
* this vector at position {@code index} or later in the vector;
* {@code -1} if the element is not found.
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the specified index is negative
* @see Object#equals(Object)
*/
public synchronized int indexOf(Object o, int index) {
if (o == null) {
for (int i = index; i < elementCount; i++)
if (elementData[i] == null)
return i;
} else {
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
/**
* Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element
* in this vector, or -1 if this vector does not contain the element.
* More formally, returns the highest index {@code i} such that
* <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt>,
* or -1 if there is no such index.
*
* @param o element to search for
* @return the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in
* this vector, or -1 if this vector does not contain the element
*/
// 从后向前查找元素(o)。并返回元素的索引
public synchronized int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
return lastIndexOf(o, elementCount - 1);
}
/**
* Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in
* this vector, searching backwards from {@code index}, or returns -1 if
* the element is not found.
* More formally, returns the highest index {@code i} such that
* <tt>(i <= index && (o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i))))</tt>,
* or -1 if there is no such index.
*
* @param o element to search for
* @param index index to start searching backwards from
* @return the index of the last occurrence of the element at position
* less than or equal to {@code index} in this vector;
* -1 if the element is not found.
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the specified index is greater
* than or equal to the current size of this vector
*/
// 从后向前查找元素(o)。开始位置是从前向后的第index个数；
// 若找到，则返回元素的“索引值”；否则，返回-1。
public synchronized int lastIndexOf(Object o, int index) {
if (index >= elementCount)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " + elementCount);
if (o == null) {
for (int i = index; i >= 0; i--)
if (elementData[i] == null)
return i;
} else {
for (int i = index; i >= 0; i--)
if (o.equals(elementData[i]))
return i;
}
return -1;
}
/**
* Returns the component at the specified index.
*
* <p>This method is identical in functionality to the {@link #get(int)}
* method (which is part of the {@link List} interface).
*
* @param index an index into this vector
* @return the component at the specified index
* @throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if the index is out of range
* ({@code index < 0 || index >= size()})
*/
// 返回Vector中index位置的元素。
// 若index月结，则抛出异常
public synchronized E elementAt(int index) {
if (index >= elementCount) {
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " + elementCount);
}
return elementData(index);
}
/**
* Returns the first component (the item at index {@code 0}) of
* this vector.
*
* @return the first component of this vector
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this vector has no components
*/
// 获取Vector中的第一个元素。
// 若失败，则抛出异常！
public synchronized E firstElement() {
if (elementCount == 0) {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
return elementData(0);
}
/**
* Returns the last component of the vector.
*
* @return the last component of the vector, i.e., the component at index
* <code>size() - 1</code>.
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this vector is empty
*/
public synchronized E lastElement() {
if (elementCount == 0) {
throw new NoSuchElementException();
}
return elementData(elementCount - 1);
}
// 设置index位置的元素值为obj
public synchronized void setElementAt(E obj, int index) {
if (index >= elementCount) {
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " +
elementCount);
}
elementData[index] = obj;
}
// 删除index位置的元素
public synchronized void removeElementAt(int index) {
modCount++;
if (index >= elementCount) {
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index + " >= " +
elementCount);
} else if (index < 0) {
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
int j = elementCount - index - 1;
if (j > 0) {
System.arraycopy(elementData, index + 1, elementData, index, j);
}
elementCount--;
elementData[elementCount] = null; /* to let gc do its work */
}
// 在index位置处插入元素(obj)
public synchronized void insertElementAt(E obj, int index) {
modCount++;
if (index > elementCount) {
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index
+ " > " + elementCount);
}
ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1, elementCount - index);
elementData[index] = obj;
elementCount++;
}
// 将“元素obj”添加到Vector末尾
public synchronized void addElement(E obj) {
modCount++;
ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);
elementData[elementCount++] = obj;
}
// 在Vector中查找并删除元素obj。
// 成功的话，返回true；否则，返回false。
public synchronized boolean removeElement(Object obj) {
modCount++;
int i = indexOf(obj);
if (i >= 0) {
removeElementAt(i);
return true;
}
return false;
}
// 删除Vector中的全部元素
public synchronized void removeAllElements() {
modCount++;
// 将Vector中的全部元素设为null
for (int i = 0; i < elementCount; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
elementCount = 0;
}
// 克隆函数
public synchronized Object clone() {
try {
Vector<E> v = (Vector<E>) super.clone();
// 将当前Vector的全部元素拷贝到v中
v.elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount);
v.modCount = 0;
return v;
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// this shouldn't happen, since we are Cloneable
throw new InternalError();
}
}
// 返回Object数组
public synchronized Object[] toArray() {
return Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount);
}
// 返回Vector的模板数组。所谓模板数组，即可以将T设为任意的数据类型
public synchronized <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) {
// 若数组a的大小 < Vector的元素个数；
// 则新建一个T[]数组，数组大小是“Vector的元素个数”，并将“Vector”全部拷贝到新数组中
if (a.length < elementCount)
return (T[]) Arrays.copyOf(elementData, elementCount, a.getClass());
// 若数组a的大小 >= Vector的元素个数；
// 则将Vector的全部元素都拷贝到数组a中。
System.arraycopy(elementData, 0, a, 0, elementCount);
if (a.length > elementCount)
a[elementCount] = null;
return a;
}
// 获取index位置的元素
public synchronized E get(int index) {
if (index >= elementCount)
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
return (E)elementData[index];
}
// 设置index位置的值为element。并返回index位置的原始值
public synchronized E set(int index, E element) {
if (index >= elementCount)
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
Object oldValue = elementData[index];
elementData[index] = element;
return (E)oldValue;
}
// 将“元素e”添加到Vector最后。
public synchronized boolean add(E e) {
modCount++;
ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + 1);
elementData[elementCount++] = e;
return true;
}
// 删除Vector中的元素o
public boolean remove(Object o) {
return removeElement(o);
}
// 在index位置添加元素element
public void add(int index, E element) {
insertElementAt(element, index);
}
// 删除index位置的元素，并返回index位置的原始值
public synchronized E remove(int index) {
modCount++;
if (index >= elementCount)
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
Object oldValue = elementData[index];
int numMoved = elementCount - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--elementCount] = null; // Let gc do its work
return (E)oldValue;
}
// 清空Vector
public void clear() {
removeAllElements();
}
// 返回Vector是否包含集合c
public synchronized boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
return super.containsAll(c);
}
// 将集合c添加到Vector中
public synchronized boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
modCount++;
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + numNew);
// 将集合c的全部元素拷贝到数组elementData中
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, elementCount, numNew);
elementCount += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
// 删除集合c的全部元素
public synchronized boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
return super.removeAll(c);
}
// 删除“非集合c中的元素”
public synchronized boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
return super.retainAll(c);
}
// 从index位置开始，将集合c添加到Vector中
public synchronized boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
modCount++;
if (index < 0 || index > elementCount)
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
ensureCapacityHelper(elementCount + numNew);
int numMoved = elementCount - index;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew, numMoved);
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
elementCount += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
// 返回两个对象是否相等
public synchronized boolean equals(Object o) {
return super.equals(o);
}
// 计算哈希值
public synchronized int hashCode() {
return super.hashCode();
}
// 调用父类的toString()
public synchronized String toString() {
return super.toString();
}
// 获取Vector中fromIndex(包括)到toIndex(不包括)的子集
public synchronized List<E> subList(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
return Collections.synchronizedList(super.subList(fromIndex, toIndex), this);
}
// 删除Vector中fromIndex到toIndex的元素
protected synchronized void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = elementCount - toIndex;
System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex,
numMoved);
// Let gc do its work
int newElementCount = elementCount - (toIndex-fromIndex);
while (elementCount != newElementCount)
elementData[--elementCount] = null;
}
// java.io.Serializable的写入函数
private synchronized void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException {
s.defaultWriteObject();
}
}总结：
(1) Vector实际上是通过一个数组去保存数据的。当我们构造Vector时；若使用默认构造函数，则Vector的默认容量大小是10。
(2) 当Vector容量不足以容纳全部元素时，Vector的容量会增加。若容量增加系数 >0，则将容量的值增加“容量增加系数”；否则，将容量大小增加一倍，从上面源码中可以看到扩操作执行的是frow（）函数，很易懂。
(3) Vector的克隆函数，即是将全部元素克隆到一个数组中。
Vector遍历方式，遍历性能，示例
四种遍历方式：
Vector<Integer> vector = new Vector();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000000; i++) {
vector.add(i);
}
//第一种，随机访问
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
int size = vector.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
vector.get(i);
}
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("---------------------" + (end - start) + "---------------------");
//迭代器的遍历方式
long start1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Iterator iterator = vector.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
iterator.next();
}
long end1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("-----------" + (end1 - start1) + "--------------------");
//增强for
long start2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (Integer integer : vector) {
}
long end2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("-----------" + (end2 - start2) + "--------------------");
//Enumeration遍历
long start3 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Enumeration enumeration = vector.elements();
while (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
enumeration.nextElement();
}
long end3 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("-----------" + (end3 - start3) + "--------------------");
}下图是1000万条数据：测试结果，可以根据不同的数量来进行测试性能。
总结：达到千万级的时候：Enumeration遍历是最慢的，其他三者倒是差不多，和Arraylist性能还是有些区别的，查看Arraylist可以进行查看这篇文章，点击一下，也包含了源码分析和数据结构，可以从中领悟设计者的思想，通过什么设计模式而实现的。