centos7-ks+U盘启动-半自动化安装linux系统
实验准备:centos7虚拟机
# 安装HTTP服务器
[root@centos771 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@centos771 ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@centos771 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
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# 挂载镜像文件,先确保光盘已连接
[root@centos771 ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/html/{centos/7/,ksdir/}
[root@centos771 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/7/
[root@centos771 ~]# tree -L 1 /var/www/html/centos/7/
/var/www/html/centos/7/
├── CentOS_BuildTag
├── EFI
├── EULA
├── GPL
├── images
├── isolinux
├── LiveOS
├── Packages
├── repodata
├── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
├── RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
└── TRANS.TBL
6 directories, 6 files
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[root@centos771 ~]# cp -a anaconda-ks.cfg /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7.cfg
[root@centos771 ~]# vim /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext 123456
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
firstboot --enable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33
network --hostname=centos7
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use network installation
url --url="http://10.0.0.71/centos/7"
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --append="crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048
part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=1024
part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=10240
part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200
----------------------------------------------------
# 准备制作光盘目录
[root@centos771 ~]# mkdir -p /data/myiso
[root@centos771 ~]# cp -a /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux /data/myiso/
[root@centos771 ~]# tree -L 2 /data/myiso/
/data/myiso/
└── isolinux
├── boot.cat
├── boot.msg
├── grub.conf
├── initrd.img
├── isolinux.bin
├── isolinux.cfg
├── memtest
├── splash.png
├── TRANS.TBL
├── vesamenu.c32
└── vmlinuz
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# 复制主目录下的ks应答文件并稍微修改
[root@centos771 ~]# cp -a /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7.cfg /data/myiso/
[root@centos771 ~]# tree -L 2 /data/iso
/data/iso
├── ks7.cfg
│
└── isolinux
├── boot.cat
├── boot.msg
├── grub.conf
├── initrd.img
├── isolinux.bin
├── isolinux.cfg
├── memtest
├── splash.png
├── TRANS.TBL
├── vesamenu.c32
└── vmlinuz
-------------------------------------------------
[root@centos771 ~]# cat /data/myiso/isolinux/isolinux.cfg
default vesamenu.c32
timeout 600
label linux
menu label ^Install CDrom CentOS 7
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ks=cdrom:/ks7.cfg
# 这是走光盘
label check
menu label Test this ^Install-http CentOS 7
menu default
kernel vmlinuz
append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://10.0.0.71/ksdir/ks7.cfg
# 这是网络
label local
menu label Boot from ^local drive
localboot 0xffff
# 注意:ks文件放在网络上记得给权限
[root@centos771 ~]# ll /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7.cfg
-rw------- 1 root root 1157 Sep 12 22:09 /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7.cfg
[root@centos771 ~]# chmod 644 /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7.cfg
[root@centos771 ~]# ll /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1157 Sep 12 22:09 /var/www/html/ksdir/ks7.cfg
# 下载光盘制作工具
[root@centos771 ~]# yum -y install mkisofs
mkisofs选项
-o 指定映像文件的名称。
-b 指定在制作可开机光盘时所需的开机映像文件。
-c 制作可开机光盘时,会将开机映像文件中的 no-eltoritocatalog 全部内容作成一个文件。
-no-emul-boot 非模拟模式启动。
-boot-load-size4 设置载入部分的数量
-boot-info-table在启动的图像中现实信息
-R 或 -rock 使用 Rock RidgeExtensions
-J 或 -joliet 使用 Joliet 格式的目录与文件名称
-v 或 -verbose 执行时显示详细的信息
-T 或 -translation-table 建立文件名的转换表,适用于不支持 Rock Ridge Extensions 的系统上
# 开始制作
[root@centos771 ~]# mkisofs -R -J -T -v --no-emul-boot --boot-load-size 4 --boot-info-table -V "CentOS 77 x86_64 boot" -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -o /data/boot.iso /data/myiso/
I: -input-charset not specified, using utf-8 (detected in locale settings)
genisoimage 1.1.11 (Linux)
Scanning /data/myiso/
Scanning /data/myiso/isolinux
Excluded by match: /data/myiso/isolinux/boot.cat
Excluded: /data/myiso/isolinux/TRANS.TBL
Writing: Initial Padblock Start Block 0
Done with: Initial Padblock Block(s) 16
Writing: Primary Volume Descriptor Start Block 16
Done with: Primary Volume Descriptor Block(s) 1
Writing: Eltorito Volume Descriptor Start Block 17
Size of boot image is 4 sectors -> No emulation
Done with: Eltorito Volume Descriptor Block(s) 1
Writing: Joliet Volume Descriptor Start Block 18
Done with: Joliet Volume Descriptor Block(s) 1
Writing: End Volume Descriptor Start Block 19
Done with: End Volume Descriptor Block(s) 1
Writing: Version block Start Block 20
Done with: Version block Block(s) 1
Writing: Path table Start Block 21
Done with: Path table Block(s) 4
Writing: Joliet path table Start Block 25
Done with: Joliet path table Block(s) 4
Writing: Directory tree Start Block 29
Done with: Directory tree Block(s) 2
Writing: Joliet directory tree Start Block 31
Done with: Joliet directory tree Block(s) 2
Writing: Directory tree cleanup Start Block 33
Done with: Directory tree cleanup Block(s) 0
Writing: Extension record Start Block 33
Done with: Extension record Block(s) 1
Writing: The File(s) Start Block 34
16.40% done, estimate finish Sat Sep 12 20:17:52 2020
32.74% done, estimate finish Sat Sep 12 20:17:52 2020
49.13% done, estimate finish Sat Sep 12 20:17:52 2020
65.47% done, estimate finish Sat Sep 12 20:17:52 2020
81.86% done, estimate finish Sat Sep 12 20:17:52 2020
98.22% done, estimate finish Sat Sep 12 20:17:52 2020
Total translation table size: 4702
Total rockridge attributes bytes: 1439
Total directory bytes: 2048
Path table size(bytes): 26
Done with: The File(s) Block(s) 30371
Writing: Ending Padblock Start Block 30405
Done with: Ending Padblock Block(s) 150
Max brk space used 0
30555 extents written (59 MB)
[root@centos771 ~]# yum -y install lrzsz
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.ustc.edu.cn
* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Package lrzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@centos771 ~]# tree -L 3 /data/
/data/
├── boot.iso
└── iso
├── ks7.cfg
│
└── selinux
├── boot.cat
├── boot.msg
├── grub.conf
├── initrd.img
├── isolinux.bin
├── isolinux.cfg
├── memtest
├── splash.png
├── TRANS.TBL
├── vesamenu.c32
└── vmlinuz
2 directories, 13 files
测试
# 上传到Windows
[root@centos771 ~]# sz /data/boot.iso
新建虚拟机
方式1:直接选择本地光盘引导安装
方式2、按esc
进入boot
安装成功