rsync远程同步
一、rsync同步简介
1.1 关于rsync
■ 一款增量备份工具
- Remote Sync,远程同步
- 支持本地复制,或者与其他SSH、rsync主机同步
- 官方网站: http://rsync.samba.org
二、 配置rsync备份源
2.1 配置rsync源服务器
■ rsync同步源
- 指备份操作的远程服务器,也称备份源
2.2 配置rsync源
■ 基本思路
- 建立rsyncd.conf配置文件、独立的帐号文件
- 启用rsync的 --daemon模式
■ 应用示例
- 用户backuper,允许下行同步
- 操作目录为 /var/www/html(安装HTTP)
■ 配置文件rsyncd.conf
- 需手动建立,语法类似于Samba配置
- 认证配置auth users、secrets file,不加则为匿名
■ rsync帐号文件
- 采用 “用户名:密码” 的记录格式,每行一个用户记录
- 独立的账号数据,不依赖于系统账号
■ 启用rsync服务
- 通过 --daemin独自提供服务
三、rsync命令基本用法
3.1 使用rsync备份工具
■ rsync命令的用法
rsync [选项] 原始位置 目标位置
■ 常用选项
- -a:归档模式,递归并保留对象属性
- -v:显示同步过程的详细信息
- -z:在传输文件时进行压缩
- -H保留硬链接文件
- -A:保留ACL属性信息
- –delete:删除目标位置而原始位置没有的文件
- –checksum:根据对象的校验和来决定是否跳过文件
■ 配置源的两种表示方法
格式1:用户名@主机地址::共享模块名
格式2:rsync://用户名@主机地址/共享模块名
格式一:
[root@localhost etc]# rsync [email protected]::wwwroot /opt/
格式二:
[root@localhost etc]# rsync -avz rsync://[email protected]::wwwroot /opt/
四、 rsync+inotify结合使用
4.1 rsync远程同步实验操作
- 要先关闭防火墙和核心防护
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld ###关闭防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config ###关闭核心防护
SELINUX=disabled
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F ###清空防火墙规则
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 ###临时关闭核心防护
- 配置rsync源服务器
[root@localhost ]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
uid = nobody
gid = nobody
use chroot = yes
address = 20.0.0.3
port 873
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
hosts allow = 20.0.0.0/24
[wwwroot]
path = /var/www/html
comment = www.zk.cn
read only = no
dont compress = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.Z *.rpm *.deb *.bz2
auth users = backuper
secrets file = /etc/reyncd_users.db
------------------------------------------上面解释--------------------------------------------
uid = nobody
gid = nobody
use chroot = yes ###禁锢家目录
address = 20.0.0.3 ###监听地址
port 873 ###端口号
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log ###指定日志文件
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid ###开启pid
hosts allow = 20.0.0.0/24 ###运行哪些网段可以访问(白名单)
[wwwroot] ###共享模块名(自定义的)
path = /var/www/html ###共享站点目录
comment = www.zk.cn ###描述性信息,可以随便写
read only = no ###只读模式
dont compress = *.gz *.tgz *.zip *.z *.Z *.rpm *.deb *.bz2 ###里面这些格式不进行压缩(因为格式本来就是压缩格式)
auth users = backuper ###创建一个身份验证的账户
secrets file = /etc/reyncd_users.db ###配置了身份验证账户,那要有密码,去这里配置密码
[root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/reyncd_users.db ###添加密码
backuper:abc123
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 600 /etc/reyncd_users.db ###给读的权限
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd ###安装一下apache,因为需要/var/www/html文件
[root@localhost ~]# reync --daemon ###启动服务
[root@localhost ~]# rsync -antp |grep 873 ###过滤一下端口号看看起来了没
- 发起端配置
发起端:
格式一:
[root@localhost etc]# rsync [email protected]::wwwroot /opt/ ###进行同步
格式二:
[root@localhost etc]# rsync -avz rsync://[email protected]::wwwroot /opt/ ###进行同步
免交互:
[root@localhost ]#cd /etc/
[root@localhost etc]# touch server.pass ###创建存密码文件
[root@localhost etc]# vim server.pass ###往里面写密码
abc123
[root@localhost etc]# chmod 600 /etc/server.pass ###给读的权限
[root@localhost etc]# rsync -avz --delete --password-file=/etc/server.pass [email protected]::wwwroot /opt/ ###面交互式同步
- 发起端可以做计划任务定期同步
[root@localhost ]# crontab -e ###可以用计划任务定期同步
4.2 rsync+inotify实验操作
- 发起端配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf ###调整inotify内核参数,在最后添加这三段
fs.inotify.max_queued_events = 16384 ###监控事件队列大小
fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 1024 ###最多监控实例数
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 1048576 ###每个实例最多监控文件数,监控数应大于监控目标的总文件数
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p ###刷新生效一下
fs.inotify.max_queued_events = 16384
fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 1024
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 1048576
将inotify-tools-3.14.tar工具上传上来
[root@localhost abc]# tar zxvf inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz -C /opt/ ###将工具解压到/opt目录下
[root@localhost inotify-tools-3.14]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make ###安装一下gcc编译器
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/inotify-tools-3.14/ ###到这个目录下
[root@localhost inotify-tools-3.14]# ./configure ###执行
[root@localhost inotify-tools-3.14]# make && make install ###编译安装
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd ###安装一下apache
[root@localhost ]# chmod 777 /var/www/html/ ###目录给个777权限
inotifywait -mrq -e modify,create,move,delete /var/www/html ### -mrq:持续性监控,-e:操作,modify:修改,create:创建,move:移动,delete:删除 ,监控本地的/var/www/html
敲了上面的监控命令就会持续监控不能操作,需要在开一个发起端操作字符页面
- 进入到另开的发起端操作字符界面
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/ ###进入到html目录
[root@localhost html]# touch abc ###创建一个abc
------然后刚刚敲监控那边就会出现操作提示-----
/var/www/html/ CREATE abc
没问题的话,我们就回刚刚监控的发起端,ctrl+c或ctrl+z结束掉监控
[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# vim inotify.sh
#!/bin/bash
INOTIFY_CMD="inotifywait -mrq -e modify,create,attrib,move,delete /var/www/html/"
RSYNC_CMD="rsync -azH --delete --password-file=/etc/server.pass /var/www/html [email protected]::wwwroot"
$INOTIFY_CMD | while read DIRECTORY EVENT FILE
do
if [ $(pgrep rsync | wc -l) -le 0 ] ; then
$RSYNC_CMD
fi
done
[root@localhost opt]# chmod +x inotify.sh ###给个执行权限
[root@localhost ]# ls -l /var/www/ ###用这条命令查看两边都查看一下html权限给足了没
- 在源端在调一个数据
前面配置的时候已经是no了,就不用操作这几步了,直接跳到下面的发起端启动脚本就好
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
read only = no ###需要把wwwroot模块的只读模式改成no
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep rsync ###虽然改了配置,但是还没重启,查看一下进程
tcp 0 0 20.0.0.3:873 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 20491/rsync
[root@localhost ~]# kill -9 20491 ###杀死进程
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -ntap | grep rsync ###在查看一下应该就没有了
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/run/ ###去这个目录下
[root@localhost run]# rm -rf rsyncd.pid ###删掉这个pid
[root@localhost run]# rsync --daemon ###启动一下就行
[root@localhost run]# netstat -ntap | grep rsync ###在看一下就又有了
tcp 0 0 20.0.0.3:873 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 70903/rsync
---------------------------发起端启动脚本----------------------
[root@localhost opt]# ./inotify.sh
--------------需要在开一个发起端操作字符页面------------------
[root@localhost ~]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# echo "this is test" > test.txt
---------------------监控那边的发起端就会出现提示----------------------
[root@localhost opt]# ./inotify.sh ###这个报错不影响同步
rsync: chgrp "/html" (in wwwroot) failed: Operation not permitted (1)
rsync: chgrp "/html/.test.txt.at3wRj" (in wwwroot) failed: Operation not permitted (1)
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1178) [sender=3.1.2]
--------------------源端查看一下是否同步过去了------------------------
[root@localhost run]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# cd html
[root@localhost html]# ls
test.txt
rsync的同步操作和rsync+inotify结合使用操作就完成了!!!
4.2 Rsync服务常见问题汇总讲解
1 客户端的错误现象:No route to host
rsync服务端开启的iptables防火墙
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: No route to host (113)
rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
关闭rsync服务端的防火墙服务(iptables)
[root@backup mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
[root@backup mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
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2 ERROR: The remote path must start with a module name not a /
rsync客户端执行rsync命令错误:
客户端的错误现象:
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::/backup
ERROR: The remote path must start with a module name not a /
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
rsync命令语法理解错误,::/backup是错误的语法,应该为::backup(rsync模块)
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3 @ERROR: auth failed on module backup
3. @ERROR: auth failed on module oldboy
客户端的错误现象:
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
@ERROR: auth failed on module backup
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
1. 密码真的输入错误,用户名真的错误
2. secrets file = /etc/rsync.password指定的密码文件和实际密码文件名称不一致
3. /etc/rsync.password文件权限不是600
4. rsync_backup:123456密码配置文件后面注意不要有空格
5. rsync客户端密码文件中只输入密码信息即可,不要输入虚拟认证用户名称
==============================================================================================
4 @ERROR: Unknown module 'backup'
4. Unknown module 'backup'
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
@ERROR: Unknown module 'backup'
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
1、 /etc/rsyncd.conf配置文件模块名称书写错误
2、配置文件中网段限制不对
==============================================================================================
5 Permission denied
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
sending incremental file list
hosts
rsync: mkstemp ".hosts.5z3AOA" (in backup) failed: Permission denied (13)
sent 196 bytes received 27 bytes 63.71 bytes/sec
total size is 349 speedup is 1.57
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
1. 共享目录的属主和属组不正确,不是rsync
2. 共享目录的权限不正确,不是755
==============================================================================================
6 chdir failed
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
@ERROR: chdir failed
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
1. 备份存储目录没有建立
2. 建立的备份存储目录和配置文件定义不一致
[root@backup backup]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
Stopping xinetd: [ OK ]
Starting xinetd: shell-init: error retrieving current directory: getcwd: cannot access parent directories: No such file or directory
[ OK ]
说明:如果没有备份存储目录,xinetd服务都不能正确启动
==============================================================================================
7 invalid uid rsync
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
@ERROR: invalid uid rsync
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
异常问题解决:
rsync服务对应rsync虚拟用户不存在了
==============================================================================================
8 客户端已经配置了密码文件,但免秘钥登录方式,依旧需要输入密码
password file must not be other-accessible
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
password file must not be other-accessible
continuing without password file
Password:
sending incremental file list
sent 26 bytes received 8 bytes 5.23 bytes/sec
total size is 349 speedup is 10.26
异常问题解决:
rsync客户端的秘钥文件也必须是600权限
==============================================================================================
9 rsync客户端连接慢问题
错误日志输出
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] name lookup failed for 172.16.1.31: Name or service not known
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] connect from UNKNOWN (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@unknown (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] receiving file list
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349
正确日志输出
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] connect from nfs02 (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@nfs02 (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] receiving file list
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349
异常问题解决:
查看日志进行分析
==============================================================================================
10 rsync服务没有正确启动Connection refused (111)
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: Connection refused (111)
rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6]
解决 rsync服务没开启
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync --daemon
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# ss -lntup |grep rsync
tcp LISTEN 0 5 :::873 :::* users:(("rsync",1434,5))
tcp LISTEN 0 5 *:873 *:* users:(("rsync",1434,4))
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
sending incremental file list
hosts
sent 196 bytes received 27 bytes 49.56 bytes/sec
total size is 349 speedup is 1.57
==============================================================================================
11 port 22: Connection refused
环境:本地服务器集群内部传输利用远程ssh 报错
利用(telnet 172.16.1.31 22) 排查服务监听状态后采取的解决方法
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync /etc/hosts 172.16.1.31:/tmp
ssh: connect to host 172.16.1.31 port 22: Connection refused
rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (0 bytes received so far) [sender]
rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(600) [sender=3.0.6]
排错思路:
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# ping 172.16.1.31
PING 172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.628 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.393 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.06 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.1.31: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.745 ms
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# traceroute 172.16.1.31
traceroute to 172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 nfs01 (172.16.1.31) 0.597 ms 0.189 ms 0.965 ms
/etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.
[root@backup ~]#
[root@backup ~]# netstat -lntup|grep 22
p 0 0 10.0.0.31:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1187/sshd
故障原因:无法连接
telnet 172.16.1.31 22
解决方法:
[root@oldboy-backup-41]# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
#Port 22
#AddressFamily any
#ListenAddress 10.0.0.31 改为 0.0.0.0
#ListenAddress ::
总结:内网传输通过SSH pro 22 表明22端口链接不上
==============================================================================================
12 --passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd: unknown option 没有正确输入password文件名
报错:--passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd: unknown option
错误案例 本地rsync.password 文件要保持一致缺少字母都会报错
echo "123456">>/etc/rsync.passwd
[root@nfs01 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.passwd
[root@nfs01 ~]# ll /etc/rsync.passwd
-rw------- 1 root root 7 Mar 9 13:47 /etc/rsync.passwd
[root@nfs01 ~]# rsync -az -P /root/ [email protected]::backup --passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd
rsync: --passwd-file=/etc/rsync.passwd: unknown option
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1422) [client=3.0.6]
正确做法:
[root@nfs01 ~]# echo "123456">>/etc/rsync.password
[root@nfs01 ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
[root@nfs01 ~]# ll /etc/rsync.password
-rw------- 1 root root 7 Mar 9 13:49 /etc/rsync.password
rsync -az -P /server/files/secure-20161219 [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
secure-20161219
51053780 100% 14.31MB/s 0:00:03 (xfer#1, to-check=0/1)
rsync: mkstemp ".secure-20161219.lcnuWA" (in backup) failed: Permission denied (13)
sent 2210982 bytes received 27 bytes 491335.33 bytes/sec
total size is 51053780 speedup is 23.09
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6]
[root@backup ~]# ls /backup/
100.log cc.txt optimize-init_sys.sh
anaconda-ks.cfg
1)可能是服务没有开启
2)iptables SELinux
3)本次遇见sshd传输受限 限制了传输的ip(安全)
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Rsync服务端排错思路
m 查看rsync服务配置文件路径是否正确 /etc/rsyncd.conf
m 查看配置文件例的host allow,host deny,允许的ip网段是否是允许客户端访问的ip网段
m 查看配置文件中path参数里的路径是否存在,权限是否正确(正常应为配置文件中的UUID参数对应的属主和组)
m 查看rsync服务是否启动,端口是否存在 ps -ef netstat -lntup
m 查看iptables防火墙和SELinux是否开启允许rsync服务通过,也可以关闭
m 查看服务端rsync配置文件里的密码权限是否为600 密码文件格式是否正确,正确格式(用户名:密码)文件路径和配置文件里的secrect files 参数对应
m 如果是推送数据,要查看,配置rsyncd.conf 文件中用户是否对模块下目录有可读的权限
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客户端排错思路
m 查看客户端rsync配置的密码文件是否为600的权限,密码文件格式是否正确,注意:仅需要有密码,并且和服务端的密码一致
m 用telnet链接rsync服务器ip地址873端口,查看服务是否启动(可测试服务端防火墙是否阻挡telnet10.0.0.100 873)
m 客户端执行命令是 rsync -avzP [email protected]::backup/test/test/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
m 此命令要记清楚尤其10.0.0.100::backup/test/处的双引号及随后的backup为模块名称