listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
        Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
        bundle.putInt("xu", teachers.get(position).getId());
        bundle.putString("name", teachers.get(position).getName());
        bundle.putString("xi", teachers.get(position).getXibie());
        Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, Main2Activity.class);
        intent.putExtras(bundle);
        startActivity(intent);
    }
});

public class Main2Activity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
        Bundle bundle=getIntent().getExtras();
        int id=bundle.getInt("xu");
        String name=bundle.getString("name");
        String xi=bundle.getString("xi");
        Toast.makeText(this, ""+id+name+xi, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

自己看的，不必写的太详细。这个够了。