1. dockerfile

Dockerfile 是一个文本格式的配置文件，用户可以使用 Dockerfile 快速创建自定义的镜像。我们会先介绍 Dockerfile 的基本结构及其支持的众多指令，并具体讲解通过执行指令来编写定制镜像的 Dockerfile。

       Dockerfile 由一行行命令语句组成，并且支持已 # 开头的注释行。一般而言，Dockerfile 的内容分为四个部分：基础镜像信息、维护者信息、镜像操作指令和容器启动时执行指令。

# This dockerfile uses the Ubuntu image
# VERSION 2
# Author: caimengzhi
# Command format: Instruction [arguments / command] …

# 第一行必须指定基于的容器镜像
FROM ubuntu

# 维护者信息
MAINTAINER caimengzhi [email protected]

# 镜像的操作指令
RUN echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main universe" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y nginx
RUN echo “\ndaemon off;” >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

# 容器启动时执行指令
CMD /usr/sbin/nginx

2. dockerfile指令

3. build镜像

Usage: docker build [OPTIONS] PATH | URL | - [flags]
Options:
    -t, --tag list # 镜像名称
    -f, --file string # 指定Dockerfile文件位置

docker build .
docker build -t shykes/myapp .
docker build -t shykes/myapp -f /path/Dockerfile /path
docker build -t shykes/myapp http://www.example.com/Dockerfile

4. 构建

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER caimengzhi
RUN yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make \
    openssl-devel pcre-devel gd-devel \
    iproute net-tools telnet wget curl && \
    yum clean all && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*
RUN wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.15.11.tar.gz && \
    tar zxf nginx-1.15.11.tar.gz && \
    cd nginx-1.15.11 && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module && \
    make -j 4 && make install && \
    rm -rf /usr/local/nginx/html/* && \
    echo "ok" >> /usr/local/nginx/html/status.html && \
    cd / && rm -rf nginx-1.15.11* && \
    ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin
COPY nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
WORKDIR /usr/local/nginx
EXPOSE 80
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER caimengzhi
RUN yum install epel-release -y && \
    yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make gd-devel libxml2-devel \
    libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel \
    libmcrypt-devel libxslt-devel libtidy-devel autoconf \
    iproute net-tools telnet wget curl && \
    yum clean all && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*
COPY php-5.6.36.tar.gz /
#RUN wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-5.6.36.tar.bz2 && \
RUN tar xf php-5.6.36.tar.gz && \
    cd php-5.6.36 && \
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
    --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc \
    --enable-fpm --enable-opcache \
    --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql \
    --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd \
    --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir \
    --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --enable-hash && \
    make -j 4 && make install && \
    cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini && \
    cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \
    sed -i "90a \daemonize = no" /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf && \
    mkdir /usr/local/php/log && \
    cd / && rm -rf php* && \
    ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/php/sbin
COPY php.ini /usr/local/php/etc/
COPY php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/
WORKDIR /usr/local/php
EXPOSE 9000
CMD ["php-fpm"]

user                 nobody;
worker_processes     4;
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

error_log  logs/error.log  notice;

pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  4096;
}

http {

    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log off;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    client_max_body_size         64m;
    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name www.ctnrs.com;
        index index.php index.html;

        access_log logs/www.ctnrs.com_access.log;
        error_log logs/www.ctnrs.com_error.log;

        # location ~ .*\.(js|css|html|png|gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
        location / {
            root /wwwroot;
        }

        location ~* \.php$ {
            root /wwwroot;
            fastcgi_pass lnmp_php:9000;
            fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
            include fastcgi_params;
        }
    }
}

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER caimengzhi

ENV VERSION=8.0.46

RUN yum install java-1.8.0-openjdk wget curl unzip iproute net-tools -y && \
    yum clean all && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/yum/*
COPY apache-tomcat-8.0.46.tar.gz /
#RUN wget http://mirrors.shu.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v${VERSION}/bin/apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz && \
RUN    tar zxf apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz && \
    mv apache-tomcat-${VERSION} /usr/local/tomcat && \
    rm -rf apache-tomcat-${VERSION}.tar.gz /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/* && \
    mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test && \
    echo "ok" > /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/test/status.html && \
    sed -i '1a JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom"' /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh && \
    ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/tomcat/bin

WORKDIR /usr/local/tomcat

EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["catalina.sh", "run"]

查看生成的nginx镜像

[root@localhost df]# docker images|grep -i v1
nginx               v1                  b4c9e11c4044        5 minutes ago       368MB

先下载好包

wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/php/php-5.6.36.tar.gz
wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.40/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.40-src.tar.gz

构建

构建nginx
docker build -t nginx:v1 -f Dockerfile-nginx .

构建php镜像
docker build -t php:v1 -f Dockerfile-php .

构建tomcat
docker build -t tomcat:v1 -f Dockerfile-tomcat .

5. 例子LNMP

5.1 自定义网络

docker network create lnmp

5.2 创建mysql容器

docker run -d \
--name lnmp_mysql \
--net lnmp \
--mount src=mysql-vol,dst=/var/lib/mysql \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress mysql:5.7 --character-set-server=utf8

5.3 创建php容器

docker run -d --name lnmp_php --net lnmp --mount src=wwwroot,dst=/wwwroot php:v1

5.4 创建nginx容器

docker run -d --name lnmp_nginx --net lnmp -p 88:80 \
--mount type=bind,src=$(pwd)/nginx.conf,dst=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --mount src=wwwroot,dst=/wwwroot nginx:v1