文件相关方法，总结部分常用的，代码如下：

# encoding=utf-8

import os,shutil,random

for tmpdir in ("D:/data/文件操作9wer", "/文件操作9wer"):
    if os.path.isdir(tmpdir):
        break
else:
    print("no empty directory available")
    tmpdir = ""

if tmpdir:
    os.chdir(tmpdir)
    cwd = os.getcwd()
    print ("*** current temporary directory")
    print (cwd)

    if os.path.exists("example"):
        randNum = str(random.randint(1,88888888))
        shutil.move("example", "D:/data/archive/example"+ randNum)
        print ("*** remove directory：example")

    print ("*** create example directory...")
    os.mkdir("example")
    os.chdir("example")
    cwd = os.getcwd()
    print ("*** new working directory:")
    print (os.getcwd())
    print ("*** original directory listing:")
    print (os.listdir(cwd))

    # 创建文件test
    print("*** create test file...")
    fobj = open("test", "w", encoding="utf-8")
    fobj.write("foo\n")
    fobj.write("foo\n")
    fobj.close()
    print ("*** updated directory listing:")
    print (os.listdir(cwd))

    # 重命名文件test为filetest.txt
    print ("*** renaming 'test' to 'filetest.txt' ")
    os.rename("test", "filetest.txt")
    print ("*** updated directory listing:")
    print (os.listdir(cwd))

    path = os.path.join(cwd, os.listdir(cwd)[0])
    print ("*** full file pathname")
    print (path)
    print ("*** (pathname, basename) ==")
    print (os.path.split(path))
    print (os.path.basename(path))
    print ("*** (filename, extension) ==")
    print (os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(path)))

    print ("*** displaying file contents:")
    fobj = open(path)
    for eachLine in fobj:
        print (eachLine)
    fobj.close()

    print ("*** deleting file: 'filetest.txt' ")
    os.remove(path)
    print ("*** updated directory listing:")
    print (os.listdir(cwd))

    os.chdir(os.pardir)
    print ("*** deleting directory: 'example' ")
    os.rmdir("example")
    print ("*** done")