mysql默认字符集设置
mysql> show variables like '%character%'; +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | gbk | | character_set_connection | gbk | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | gbk | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /www/wdlinux/mysql-5.1.63/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
character_set_system = utf8 设置的时mysql的元字符集 比如(表名,库名,sql语句的字符设置),他是只读的,不需要更改。
character_set_database 设置的时当前选中数据库的字符集,他回随着选择数据库不同而不同
use t mysql> show variables like '%character_set_database%'; +------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+--------+ | character_set_database | latin1 | +------------------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use y Database changed mysql> show variables like '%character_set_database%'; +------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------------+-------+ | character_set_database | gbk | +------------------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
character_set_server,当你建库或者见表时没有指定字符集,就是用这个参数设置
mysql> show create database t; +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ | t | CREATE DATABASE `t` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ | +----------+--------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create database y; +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | y | CREATE DATABASE `y` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gbk */ | +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show create table user; +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------+ | user | CREATE TABLE `user` ( `name` char(30) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into user(name) values("攻城市php"); Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from user; +--------+ | name | +--------+ | ???php | +--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
set names 设置是 character_set_client,character_set_connection,character_set_results的字符集,下面我们做个实验,说明这三个参数用处
mysql> create database b default character set utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show create database b ; +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+ | Database | Create Database | +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+ | b | CREATE DATABASE `b` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ | +----------+------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use b Database changed mysql> create table user(name char(30)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> show create table user; +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------+ | user | CREATE TABLE `user` ( `name` char(30) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into user(name) values("张三"),("李四"); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from user; +--------+ | name | +--------+ | 张三 | | 李四 | +--------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set names utf8; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from user where name='张三'; Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> set names gbk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from user where name='张三'; +--------+ | name | +--------+ | 张三 | +--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
大家可以通过php脚本测试一下,命令行工具一般测不出结果、
mysql> set character_set_results=gbk; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like '%character%'; +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | gbk | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /www/wdlinux/mysql-5.1.63/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from user where name='张三'; +------+ | name | +------+ | ÕÅÈý | +------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
看看结果,发现是乱码,自己思考一下为什么?
mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('*****');
最后引用网上的一张图解释下,
eof