文章目录
Linux—用户相关命令和操作、yum安装
用户
- 超级管理员用户 root 0
- 普通用户
- 系统用户 :用来启动系统的一些服务和进程的用户,不可以登录,1~1000 Centos7。
- 可登录用户:能登录系统的用户,1000~65535。
useradd
[root@localhost ~]#useradd --help
Usage: useradd [options] LOGIN
useradd -D
useradd -D [options]
passwd 123 设置密码
useradd -d /opt/xiaoli xiaoli -d 用来指定用户的家目录
-g 指定用户组的id
-G 指定用户的附加组
用户修改usermod
[root@localhost ~]#usermod --help
Usage: usermod [options] LOGIN
Options:
-c, --comment COMMENT new value of the GECOS field
-d, --home HOME_DIR new home directory for the user account
-e, --expiredate EXPIRE_DATE set account expiration date to EXPIRE_DATE
-f, --inactive INACTIVE set password inactive after expiration
to INACTIVE
-g, --gid GROUP force use GROUP as new primary group
-G, --groups GROUPS new list of supplementary GROUPS
-a, --append append the user to the supplemental GROUPS
mentioned by the -G option without removing
the user from other groups
-h, --help display this help message and exit
-l, --login NEW_LOGIN new value of the login name
-L, --lock lock the user account
-m, --move-home move contents of the home directory to the
new location (use only with -d)
-o, --non-unique allow using duplicate (non-unique) UID
-p, --password PASSWORD use encrypted password for the new password
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR directory to chroot into
-P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR prefix directory where are located the /etc/* files
-s, --shell SHELL new login shell for the user account
-u, --uid UID new UID for the user account
-U, --unlock unlock the user account
-v, --add-subuids FIRST-LAST add range of subordinate uids
-V, --del-subuids FIRST-LAST remove range of subordinate uids
-w, --add-subgids FIRST-LAST add range of subordinate gids
-W, --del-subgids FIRST-LAST remove range of subordinate gids
-Z, --selinux-user SEUSER new SELinux user mapping for the user account
删除用户userdel
[root@localhost ~]#userdel --help
Usage: userdel [options] LOGIN
Options:
-f, --force force some actions that would fail otherwise
e.g. removal of user still logged in
or files, even if not owned by the user
-h, --help display this help message and exit
-r, --remove remove home directory and mail spool
-R, --root CHROOT_DIR directory to chroot into
-P, --prefix PREFIX_DIR prefix directory where are located the /etc/* files
-Z, --selinux-user remove any SELinux user mapping for the user
查看用户信息id
[root@localhost ~]#id --help
Usage: id [OPTION]... [USER]
Print user and group information for the specified USER,
or (when USER omitted) for the current user.
-a ignore, for compatibility with other versions
-Z, --context print only the security context of the current user
-g, --group print only the effective group ID
-G, --groups print all group IDs
-n, --name print a name instead of a number, for -ugG
-r, --real print the real ID instead of the effective ID, with -ugG
-u, --user print only the effective user ID
-z, --zero delimit entries with NUL characters, not whitespace;
not permitted in default format
切换用户su
[root@localhost ~]#su --help
Usage:
su [options] [-] [USER [arg]...]
Change the effective user id and group id to that of USER.
A mere - implies -l. If USER not given, assume root.
Options:
-m, -p, --preserve-environment do not reset environment variables
-g, --group <group> specify the primary group
-G, --supp-group <group> specify a supplemental group
-, -l, --login make the shell a login shell
-c, --command <command> pass a single command to the shell with -c
--session-command <command> pass a single command to the shell with -c
and do not create a new session
-f, --fast pass -f to the shell (for csh or tcsh)
-s, --shell <shell> run shell if /etc/shells allows it
-h, --help display this help and exit
-V, --version output version information and exit
登录式切换
su - username
sudo执行本身不能执行的命令
sudo配置文件为/etc/sudoers
libo ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
其中NOPASSWD是不需要输入密码
设置密码passwd
[root@localhost ~]#passwd --help
Usage: passwd [OPTION...] <accountName>
-k, --keep-tokens keep non-expired authentication tokens
-d, --delete delete the password for the named account (root only)
-l, --lock lock the password for the named account (root only)
-u, --unlock unlock the password for the named account (root only)
-e, --expire expire the password for the named account (root only)
-f, --force force operation
-x, --maximum=DAYS maximum password lifetime (root only)
-n, --minimum=DAYS minimum password lifetime (root only)
-w, --warning=DAYS number of days warning users receives before password expiration (root only)
-i, --inactive=DAYS number of days after password expiration when an account becomes disabled (root only)
-S, --status report password status on the named account (root only)
--stdin read new tokens from stdin (root only)
Help options:
-?, --help Show this help message
--usage Display brief usage message
修改用户莫阿门策略change
chfn修改用户个人信息
软件安装yum
包的命名规范
名字-版本(大版本.小版本.修订版)-打包版本.可用的系统.架构.rpm
架构:
x86_64
x86
i386 i486 i686
ppc
noarch 表示通用
包的来源
光盘
第三方网站
官网
自己做
pkgs.org 找包网站
epel第三方包的结合地
rpm包的查询
rpm --help
rpm -q 查询指定的包是否安装
-a all 表示当前系统安装的所有的包
-f filename 查询由哪个包生成
yum
会自动的解决依赖关系
仓库 存放的是 多个包和包的元数据信息
仓库的位置
- http://
- https://
- ftp://
- file://(本地文件)
- 配置文件存放在/etc/yum.repos.d
yum源
- 阿里
- 163
- sohu
- …
yum命令
- yum repolist 查看仓库
- yum list 列出仓库的所有的包
- yum install 安装包
- yum reinstall 重新安装
- yum update 更新所有可更新的包 后边指定包名就跟新它
- yum downgrade 包版本 降级
- yum check-update 检测包是否可以更新
- yum remove 包名 卸载
- yum info 包名 显示包的详细信息
- yum clean all 删除元数据信息
- yum makecache 重新构建
- yum search 搜索软件包
- yum provide 谁提供的命令