Web Beanch源码剖析

Web Beanch源码剖析

1、Web Bench是什么

Linux下的一个网站压力测试的工具。
Web bench的标准测试可以向我们展示服务器的两项内容,分别为每秒钟请求数和每秒钟传输数据量。
Web bench官网:Web bench源码官网
截图:
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参考他人的博文:

https://blog.csdn.net/chen1415886044/article/details/103939937
https://blog.csdn.net/snow_5288/article/details/77892971
https://www.cnblogs.com/xuning/p/3888699.html

2、原理

Webbench的代码实现相当简单,就是一个父进程fork出多个子进程,子进程分别去执行http测试,最后把执行结果汇总写入管道,父进程读取管道数据然后进行最终测试结果的计算。
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webbench主要的工作原理:

  1. 主函数进行必要的准备工作【解析参数,构建请求信息】,最后进入bench()函数开始压测。
  2. bench()函数使用fork模拟出多个客户端,调用socket并发请求,每个子进程记录自己的数据,最后写入管道。子进程中使用alarm函数进行时间控制,到时间后会设置一个变量,变量为真时使子进程退出。
  3. 父进程从管道读取子进程的输出信息
  4. 最后只留下父进程将所有子进程的输出数据汇总计算,输出到屏幕上

3、理解源码你要知道什么?

http请求格式
c语言的字符串函数,主要在string.h 和 strings.h头文件的函数
linux系统中的fork函数,alarm函数,socket编程中涉及的知识点,getopt_long函数等等

4、源码分析

源码解压后的目录:
源码解压后的目录
如图只有两个源文件:

socket.c
webbench.c

4.1 socket.c分析

简析:

int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{
    
    
    //以host为服务器端地址,clientPort为服务器端口号建立socket连接
    //连接类型为TCP,使用IPv4网域
    //一旦出错,返回-1
    //正常连接,则返回socket描述符
}

源码:

/* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $
 *
 * This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx
 */

/***********************************************************************
  module:       socket.c
  program:      popclient
  SCCS ID:      @(#)socket.c    1.5  4/1/94
  programmer:   Virginia Tech Computing Center
  compiler:     DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1)
  environment:  DEC Ultrix 4.3 
  description:  UNIX sockets code.
 ***********************************************************************/
 
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

/***********************
功能:通过地址和端口建立网络连接
host:网络地址,支持域名
clientPort:端口
返回值:
	正数:建立的socket连接
	负数:表示失败
***********************/
int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort)
{
    
    
    int sock;
    unsigned long inaddr;
    struct sockaddr_in ad;
    struct hostent *hp;
    
    memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
    ad.sin_family = AF_INET;

    inaddr = inet_addr(host);//将点分的十进制的IP转为无符号长整型
    if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE)
        memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
    else //如果host是域名
    {
    
    
        hp = gethostbyname(host);//通过域名获取ip地址
        if (hp == NULL)
            return -1;
        memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
    }
    
    ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort); //将一个无符号短整型(s)的主机数值(h)转换为网络字节顺序(n)
    //创建客户端套接字
    sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    if (sock < 0)//失败
        return sock;
    //建立连接
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0)
        return -1;
    return sock;//正常返回建立连接的socket
}

涉及知识点:

  1. gethostbyname函数:通过域名获取ip地址
#include <netdb.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
struct hostent *gethostbyname(const char *name);

返回hostent结构体类型指针:

 struct hostent
    {
    
    
        char    *h_name;     //主机的规范名          
        char    **h_aliases; //主机的别名
        int     h_addrtype;  //主机ip地址的类型,主机ip地址的类型,ipv4(AF_INET)或ipv6(AF_INET6)
        int     h_length;   //主机ip地址的长度
        char    **h_addr_list; //主机的ip地址,以网络字节序存储,如果需要打印,需调用inet_ntop()函数,切记不能用printf函数直接打印。
        #define h_addr h_addr_list[0]
    };
  1. sockaddr_in结构:
struct sockaddr_in
{
    
    
short sin_family;/*Address family一般来说AF_INET(地址族)PF_INET(协议族)*/
unsigned short sin_port;/*Port number(必须要采用网络数据格式,普通数字可以用htons()函数转换成网络数据格式的数字)*/
struct in_addr sin_addr;/*IP address in network byte order(Internet address)*/
unsigned char sin_zero[8];/*Same size as struct sockaddr没有实际意义,只是为了 跟SOCKADDR结构在内存中对齐*/
};

4.2 webbench.c分析

这个文件中包含了以下几个函数,我们一一列举出来:

static void alarm_handler(int signal)	//信号处理函数,时钟结束时进行调用
static void usage(void)					//是在使用出错时提示怎么使用本程序。
void build_request(const char *url)		//是用来创建http连接请求的。
static int bench(void)					//中创建管道和子进程,调用测试http函数。
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)//对http请求进行测试。
int main(int argc, char *argv[]);		//main函数

源码:

/*
* (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004
* This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for
* details.
*
* Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:
*
* Usage:
*   webbench --help
*
* Return codes:
*    0 - sucess
*    1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)
*    2 - bad param
*    3 - internal error, fork failed
* 
*/ 

#include "socket.c"
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <rpc/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>

/* values */
volatile int timerexpired=0;//判断压测时长是否已经到达设定时间的变量,注意volatile 
int speed=0;				//子进程成功得到服务器响应的总数
int failed=0;				//子进程请求失败总数
int bytes=0;				//读取的字节总数

/* globals */
int http10=1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 */
							//http版本,0表示http0.9,1表示http1.0,2表示http1.1
/* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */
#define METHOD_GET 0 
#define METHOD_HEAD 1  
#define METHOD_OPTIONS 2 
#define METHOD_TRACE 3 
#define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"
int method=METHOD_GET; 	//默认请求方式为GET,也支持HEAD、OPTIONS、TRACE
int clients=1;  		//并发数目,默认只有1个进程发请求,通过-c参数设置
int force=0;  			//是否需要等待读取从server返回的数据,0表示要等待读取
int force_reload=0; 	//是否使用缓存,1表示不缓存,0表示可以缓存页面
int proxyport=80; 		//代理服务器应答,访问端口为80
char *proxyhost=NULL; 	//代理服务器的地址
int benchtime=30; 		//模拟请求时间

/* internal */
int mypipe[2]; 			//管道,用于父子进程间通信
char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; //网络地址
#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048
char request[REQUEST_SIZE]; //HTTP请求信息

static const struct option long_options[]=
{
    
    
    {
    
    "force",no_argument,&force,1},
    {
    
    "reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1},
    {
    
    "time",required_argument,NULL,'t'},
    {
    
    "help",no_argument,NULL,'?'},
    {
    
    "http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'},
    {
    
    "http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'},
    {
    
    "http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'},
    {
    
    "get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET},
    {
    
    "head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD},
    {
    
    "options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS},
    {
    
    "trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE},
    {
    
    "version",no_argument,NULL,'V'},
    {
    
    "proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'},
    {
    
    "clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'},
    {
    
    NULL,0,NULL,0}
};

/* prototypes */
static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);
static int bench(void);
static void build_request(const char *url);
/*
子进程的信号处理函数
*/
static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{
    
    
    timerexpired=1;
}	

/*
webbeanch使用的帮助信息
*/
static void usage(void)
{
    
    
    fprintf(stderr,
            "webbench [option]... URL\n"
            "  -f|--force               Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
            "  -r|--reload              Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
            "  -t|--time <sec>          Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n"
            "  -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n"
            "  -c|--clients <n>         Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
            "  -9|--http09              Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
            "  -1|--http10              Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
            "  -2|--http11              Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
            "  --get                    Use GET request method.\n"
            "  --head                   Use HEAD request method.\n"
            "  --options                Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
            "  --trace                  Use TRACE request method.\n"
            "  -?|-h|--help             This information.\n"
            "  -V|--version             Display program version.\n"
           );
}
/*
主函数
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    
    
    int opt=0;
    int options_index=0;
    char *tmp=NULL;

    //不带参数时直接输出帮助信息
    if(argc==1)
    {
    
    
        usage();
        return 2;
    } 

    //getopt_log 为命令行解析的库函数
    while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF )
    {
    
    
        switch(opt)
        {
    
    
            case  0 : break;
            case 'f': force=1;break;
            case 'r': force_reload=1;break; 
            case '9': http10=0;break;
            case '1': http10=1;break;
            case '2': http10=2;break;
            case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0);//输入版本号
            case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;	     
            case 'p': 
            /* proxy server parsing server:port */
            tmp=strrchr(optarg,':');
            proxyhost=optarg;
            if(tmp==NULL)
            {
    
    
                break;
            }
            if(tmp==optarg)
            {
    
    
                fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg);
                return 2;
            }
            if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1)
            {
    
    
                fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg);
                return 2;
            }
            *tmp='\0';
            proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);break;//重设端口号
            case ':':
            case 'h':
            case '?': usage();return 2;break;
            case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break;//并发数
        }
    }

    // optind 被 getopt_long设置为命令行参数中未读取的下一个元素下标值
    if(optind==argc) {
    
    
        fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n");
        usage();
        return 2;
    }

if(clients==0) clients=1;
 if(benchtime==0) benchtime=60;
 /* Copyright */
 fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n"
	 "Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"
	 );
 build_request(argv[optind]);
 /* print bench info */
 printf("\nBenchmarking: ");
 switch(method)
 {
    
    
	 case METHOD_GET:
	 default:
		 printf("GET");break;
	 case METHOD_OPTIONS:
		 printf("OPTIONS");break;
	 case METHOD_HEAD:
		 printf("HEAD");break;
	 case METHOD_TRACE:
		 printf("TRACE");break;
 }
 printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
 switch(http10)
 {
    
    
	 case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break;
	 case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break;
 }
 printf("\n");
 if(clients==1) printf("1 client");
 else
   printf("%d clients",clients);

 printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);
 if(force) printf(", early socket close");
 if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport);
 if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");
 printf(".\n");
 return bench();
}

/*
功能:创建URL请求连接
url:url地址
*/
void build_request(const char *url)
{
    
    
    char tmp[10];
    int i;

    //请求地址和请求连接清零
    bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
    bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE);

    if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1;
    if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1;
    if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2;
    if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;

    //填写method方式
    switch(method)
    {
    
    
        default:
        case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break;
        case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break;
        case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break;
        case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break;
    }

    strcat(request," ");
    //URL 合法性判断
    if(NULL==strstr(url,"://")) //找://”在URL中的位置
    {
    
    
        fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url);
        exit(2);
    }
    if(strlen(url)>1500) //url是否太长
    {
    
    
        fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n");
        exit(2);
    }
    if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7)) //比较前7个字符串
    {
    
     
        //只支持HTTP地址
        fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
        exit(2);
    }
    
    //找到主机名开始的地方
    /* protocol/host delimiter */
    i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3; //i指向http://后第一个位置
    //必须以/结束
    if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) {
    
    
        fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
        exit(2);
    }
    
    if(proxyhost==NULL)
    {
    
    
        /* get port from hostname */
        if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL && index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/')) //判断url中是否指定了端口号
        {
    
    
            strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i);  //取出主机地址
            //bzero(tmp,10);
            memset(tmp,0,10);//端口
            strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1);
            /* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */
            proxyport=atoi(tmp); //设置端口
            if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80;
        } 
        else
        {
    
    
            strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/"));
        }
        // printf("Host=%s\n",host);
        strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/"));
    } 
    else
    {
    
    
        // printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport);
        strcat(request,url);
    }

    if(http10==1)
        strcat(request," HTTP/1.0");
    else if (http10==2)
        strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");
  
    strcat(request,"\r\n");
  
    if(http10>0)
        strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n");
    if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0)
    {
    
    
        strcat(request,"Host: ");
        strcat(request,host);
        strcat(request,"\r\n");
    }
 
    if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL)
    {
    
    
        strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");
    }
  
    if(http10>1)
        strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");
    
    /* add empty line at end */
    if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n"); 
    
    printf("\nRequest:\n%s\n",request);
}

/*
功能:创建管道和子进程,对http请求进行测试
*/
/* vraci system rc error kod */
static int bench(void)
{
    
    
    int i,j,k;	
    pid_t pid=0;
    FILE *f;

    //作为测试地址是否合法
    /* check avaibility of target server */
    i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport);
    if(i<0) {
    
     
        fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    close(i);
    
    //创建管道
    /* create pipe */
    if(pipe(mypipe))
    {
    
    
        perror("pipe failed.");
        return 3;
    }

    /* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */
    /* wait 4 next system clock tick */
    /*
    cas=time(NULL);
    while(time(NULL)==cas)
    sched_yield();
    */

    //派生子进程
    /* fork childs */
    for(i=0;i<clients;i++)
    {
    
    
        pid=fork();
        if(pid <= (pid_t) 0)
        {
    
    
            /* child process or error*/
            sleep(1); /* make childs faster */
            break; //子进程立刻跳出循环,要不就子进程继续fork 
        }
    }

    if( pid < (pid_t) 0)//fork出错
    {
    
    
        fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);
        perror("fork failed.");
        return 3;
    }

    if(pid == (pid_t) 0) //子进程
    {
    
    
        //子进程发出实际请求
        /* I am a child */
        if(proxyhost==NULL)
            benchcore(host,proxyport,request);
        else
            benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);

        //打开管道写
        /* write results to pipe */
        f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w");
        if(f==NULL)
        {
    
    
            perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
            return 3;
        }
        /* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */
        fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes);
        fclose(f);

        return 0;
    } 
    else
    {
    
    
        //父进程打开管道读
        f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r");
        if(f==NULL) 
        {
    
    
            perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
            return 3;
        }
        //[setvbuf定义流应如何缓冲](https://www.runoob.com/cprogramming/c-function-setvbuf.html)
        setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0);
        
        speed=0; 
        failed=0; 
        bytes=0; 
    
        while(1)  //从管道中读取每个子进程的任务执行情况,并计数
        {
    
    
            pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k);
            if(pid<2)
            {
    
    
                fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");
                break;
            }
            
            speed+=i;
            failed+=j;
            bytes+=k;
        
            //子进程是否读取完
            /* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */
            if(--clients==0) break;
        }
    
        fclose(f);
        //输出测试结果
        printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",
            (int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)),
            (int)(bytes/(float)benchtime),
            speed,
            failed);
    }
    
    return i;
}

/*
功能:测试HTTP
host:地址
port:端口
req:http格式方法
*/
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
{
    
    
    int rlen;
    char buf[1500];
    int s,i;
    struct sigaction sa;

    //安装信号
    /* setup alarm signal handler */
    sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler;//定时器方法
    sa.sa_flags=0;
    if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL))
        exit(3);
    //设置闹钟函数
    alarm(benchtime); // after benchtime,then exit

    rlen=strlen(req);
    //无限执行请求,直到接收到SIGALRM信号将timerexpired设置为1时
    nexttry:while(1)
    {
    
    

        if(timerexpired)//定时器到时后,也就是收到信号则后,会设定timerexpired=1,函数就会返回
        {
    
    
            if(failed>0)
            {
    
    
                /* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */
                failed--;
            }
            return;
        }
        
        //连接远程服务器 ,进行HTTP请求
        s=Socket(host,port); //创建连接                         
        if(s<0) {
    
     failed++;continue;} //连接失败,failed加1
        //发送请求
        if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) {
    
    failed++;close(s);continue;}
        
        //如果是http/0.9则关闭socket的写操作
        if(http10==0) 
        	if(shutdown(s,1)) {
    
     failed++;close(s);continue;}
        //如果等到响应数据返回,则读取响应数据,计算传输的字节数
        if(force==0) 
        {
    
    
            /* read all available data from socket */
            while(1)
            {
    
    
                if(timerexpired) break; 
                i=read(s,buf,1500);
                /* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */
                if(i<0) 
                {
    
     
                    failed++;
                    close(s);
                    goto nexttry;
                }
                else
                if(i==0) break;
                else
                bytes+=i; //读取字节数增加
            }
        }
        //关闭连接
        if(close(s)) {
    
    failed++;continue;}
        //成功完成一次请求,并计数,继续下一次相同的请求,直到超时为止
        speed++; 
    }
}

涉及知识点:

在这里插入图片描述
2.getopt_long函数,from这个blog
getopt函数只能处理短选项,而getopt_long函数两者都可以,可以说getopt_long已经包含了getopt_long的功能。因此,这里就只介绍getopt_long函数。

#include <unistd.h>  
extern char *optarg;  
extern int optind, opterr, optopt;  
#include <getopt.h>
int getopt(int argc, char * const argv[],const char *optstring);  
int getopt_long(int argc, char * const argv[], const char *optstring, const struct option *longopts, int *longindex);  
int getopt_long_only(int argc, char * const argv[], const char *optstring, const struct option *longopts, int *longindex);
struct option 
{
    
      
     const char *name;  
     int         has_arg;  
     int        *flag;  
     int         val;  
};

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转载自blog.csdn.net/xiaolixi199311/article/details/103949404