# 设置主机名 hostnamectl set-hostname centos7 # 操作系统版本 cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) # 操作系统内核 uname -r 3.10.0-693.21.1.el7.x86_64 # 硬件架构 uname -m x86_64 # docker 版本 docker version # 备份 yum 源文件 mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.bak mv /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo.bak # 使用 aliyun 镜像加速 yum 和 epel wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/Centos-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo # 更新软件包缓存 yum makecache # 关闭 selinux,重启后生效 sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux # 设置 selinux 状态,临时生效命令 setenforce 0 # 查看 selinux 状态 getenforce # 停止 firewall systemctl stop firewalld.service # 禁止 firewall 开机启动 systemctl disable firewalld.service # 设置 iptables service yum -y install iptables-services # 修改 iptables 配置 vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables # 重启防火墙使配置生效 systemctl restart iptables.service # 设置防火墙开机启动 systemctl enable iptables.service # 设置历史记录的时间 vi /etc/profile # 在文件末尾添加,注意中间空格 export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S `whoami`" # 默认保留 10000 条 export HISTSIZE="10000" # 保存退出后刷新生效 source /etc/profile # 安装 pip yum install python-devel gcc zlib zlib-devel openssl-devel -y yum install epel-release -y yum install python-pip -y pip install --upgrade pip # yum-cron yum -y install yum-cron vim /etc/yum/yum-cron.conf apply_updates = no apply_updates = yes systemctl start crond systemctl start yum-cron
以下配置非必须,仅供需要时参考
# 最简单的网卡配置文件
mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0.bak
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0 # 网卡设备名称
HWADDR=00:0C:29:D0:C7:B5 # 以太网设备的对应的物理地址
TYPE=Ethernet # 网络类型为以太网模式,手动配置时可以忽略不填
UUID=080a457b-6a53-4a3a-9155-a23c1146c2c6 # 通用唯一识别码,手动配置时可以忽略不填
ONBOOT=yes # 是否启动引导的时候激活 YES
NM_CONTROLLED=no # 设备 eth0 是否可以由 Network Manager 图形管理工具托管
BOOTPROTO=static # 静态 IP 地址获取状态 如:DHCP 表示自动获取 IP 地址
IPADDR=192.168.1.10 #IP
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 # 网卡对应的网络掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.1.1 # 网关地址
# 安装基础库
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel nss_ldap openldap openldap-devel openldap-clients openldap-servers libxslt-devel libevent-devel ntp libtool-ltdl bison libtool vim-enhanced
# 修改 hosts
vim /etc/hosts
# 修改 dns
vim /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver DNS1
nameserver DNS2
# 清理防火墙规则
iptables –F
# 查看防火墙规则
iptables –L
# 编辑防火墙规则
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
# 保存防火墙规则
/etc/init.d/iptables save
# 增加 SWAP 分区
# 创建 1024M 的文件块
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1M count=1024
# 创建 swap 文件
mkswap /home/swap
# 激活 swap 文件
swapon /home/swap
# 查看 swap
swapon -s
# 修改 / etc/fstab 文件,增加以下内容,让系统引导时自动启动
vi /etc/fstab
# 在最后添加下面代码
/home/swap swap swap default 0 0
# 添加普通用户并进行 sudo 授权管理
useradd test
echo "test":"test" | chpasswd
visudo
# all 表示完全的系统权限, NOPASSWD 表示提示权限命令时不需要密码
test ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL
# 调整字符集,使其支持中文,根据实际情况而定
# 安装中文语言包
yum groupinstall chinese-support
# CentOS 6
vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n
LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"
SUPPORTED="zh_CN.UTF-8:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en"
#LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16″
# CentOS 7
vim /etc/locale.conf
#LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
LANG="zh_CN.GB18030"
LANGUAGE="zh_CN.GB18030:zh_CN.GB2312:zh_CN"
SUPPORTED="zh_CN.UTF-8:zh_CN:zh:en_US.UTF-8:en_US:en"
SYSFONT="lat0-sun16"
# 选择 source 或注销或重启使语言配置生效
init 6
# 设置运行级别,5 为图形化,3 为命令行
# CentOS 6
vi /etc/inittab
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used are:
# 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
# 1 - Single user mode
# 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
# 3 - Full multiuser mode
# 4 - unused
# 5 - X11
# 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#
id:5:initdefault:
#id:3:initdefault
# CentOS 7
# 查看当前运行级别
systemctl get-default
graphical.target
# 修改为命令行模式
systemctl set-default multi-user.target
# 修改为图形化模式
systemctl set-default graphical.target
内核优化
以下内容不建议直接套用,该配置主要适用于 CentOS 7
# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
# 关闭 ipv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
# 避免放大攻击
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
# 开启恶意 icmp 错误消息保护
net.ipv4.icmp_ignore_bogus_error_responses = 1
# 关闭路由转发
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.send_redirects = 0
# 开启反向路径过滤
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# 处理无源路由的包
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# 关闭 sysrq 功能
kernel.sysrq = 0
# core 文件名中添加 pid 作为扩展名
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# 开启 SYN 洪水攻击保护
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# 修改消息队列长度
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
kernel.msgmax = 65536
# 设置最大内存共享段大小 bytes
kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
# timewait 的数量,默认 180000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 6000
net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 4194304
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 16384 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
# 每个网络接口接收数据包的速率比内核处理这些包的速率快时,允许送到队列的数据包的最大数目
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144
# 限制仅仅是为了防止简单的 DDoS 攻击
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800
# 未收到客户端确认信息的连接请求的最大值
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
# 内核放弃建立连接之前发送 SYNACK 包的数量
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
# 内核放弃建立连接之前发送 SYN 包的数量
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
# 启用 timewait 快速回收
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
# 开启重用,允许将 TIME-WAIT sockets 重新用于新的 TCP 连接
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 1
# 当 keepalive 起用的时候,TCP 发送 keepalive 消息的频度。缺省是 2 小时
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 30
# 允许系统打开的端口范围
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
# 修改防火墙表大小,默认 65536
#net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=655350
#net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established=1200
# 确保无人能修改路由表
net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.secure_redirects = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.secure_redirects = 0
# 执行命令使参数永久生效
sysctl -p