直入主题,不过多介绍spring的强大之处。
springMVC是一个mvc框架,而spring data jpa则是spring的一个数据层框架,二者整合的优势在于,都是spring产品,整体项目的风格会比较贴近,代码简洁高效。
1,需要的jar包,我的博客中已经给出了单独使用springMVC需要的包和单独使用spring data jpa需要的包(见spring data jpa简单案例和springMVC入门,环境搭建)。
原以为整合springMVC和spring data jpa只是简单将二者的包组合到一起,在EE环境下运行就可以了,但实际上还需要几个其他的依赖包。
,
整个项目需要的所有包如下图所示:
这些包可以在博文末尾的项目下载地址中得到(下载整个项目,也可以单独下载其中的jar包);
2,项目结构:
3,配置文件:
(1)web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<!-- 加载并处理spring-demo-cfg.xml文件,以便自动注入需要的bean对象 -->
<display-name>springmvctest</display-name>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-*.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 加载/WEB-INF/[servlet-name]-servlet.xml -->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
(2)springMVC的配置文件springmvc-servlet.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.2.xsd">
<!-- 配置controller的扫描路径 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.hxq.wap.controller" >
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 视图层配置,视图层的读取路径由这里的属性决定,视图(页面)路径=prefix+controller返回的值+suffix -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<!-- 启动JSON格式的配置,有此配置项可使用@ResponseBody注解返回json数据 -->
<bean id="jacksonMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">
<!-- 解决 HttpMediaTypeNotAcceptableException: Could not find acceptable representation -->
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
(3)spring的配置文件spring-demo-cfg.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.0.xsd">
<!-- spring扫描的包路径 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.hxq.wap"/>
<!-- 使用事务管理和设置处理事务的类,通过bean id进行关联 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
<!-- jpa的配置 -->
<jpa:repositories base-package="com.hxq.wap.dao" repository-impl-postfix="Impl" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory" transaction-manager-ref="transactionManager"/>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</bean>
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="generateDdl" value="false"/>
<property name="showSql" value="true"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
(4)jpa的配置文件persistence.xml,注意这个配置文件的路径要在src/META-INF/目录下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="2.0">
<persistence-unit name="SimplePU" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
<!-- SE环境中需要显示声明entity类路径 EE环境中不需要 -->
<!-- <class>com.hxq.wap.entity.UserEntity</class> -->
<properties>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa_test"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="root"/>
<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/>
<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
<property name="hibernate.use_sql_comments" value="false"/>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
嗯,配置文件挺多的,但我已经尽量把配置文件的内容简化了,呵呵;
4,数据表结构:
为了方便示例,表是简单的,代码也做了许多简化,例如各种条件判断等…
5,java代码:
(1)entity(或者说dto)层UserEntity.java:
package com.hxq.wap.entity;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
//entity实体类的注解
@Entity
//实体类对应的数据表的注解
@Table(name="user")
public class UserEntity{
private Integer id;
private String userName;
private String password;
private String realName;
private Integer age;
//主键注解
@Id
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public String getRealName() {
return realName;
}
public void setRealName(String realName) {
this.realName = realName;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
(2)dao层UserDao.java:
package com.hxq.wap.dao;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;
import com.hxq.wap.entity.UserEntity;
public interface UserDao extends Repository<UserEntity, String>{
public UserEntity findByUserNameAndPassword(String userName,String password);
}
很轻松的dao层代码,只需要了解jpa的方法命名规范就可以实现简单的CRUD,也可以自定义SQL语句和HQL语句。
(3)service层,接口UserService.java和对应的实现类UserServiceImp.java:
package com.hxq.wap.service;
import com.hxq.wap.entity.UserEntity;
public interface UserService {
public UserEntity login(String userName,String password);
}
package com.hxq.wap.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.hxq.wap.dao.UserDao;
import com.hxq.wap.entity.UserEntity;
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImp implements UserService{
//@Autowired是声明自动注入相应对象的注解,注入对象的类型须是接口类型
@Autowired
private UserDao dao;
@Override
public UserEntity login(String userName,String password) {
return dao.findByUserNameAndPassword(userName, password);
}
}
(4)控制层UserCtrl.java:
package com.hxq.wap.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.hxq.wap.entity.UserEntity;
import com.hxq.wap.service.UserService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "")
public class UserCtrl{
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/wap/login.do")
public String login(){
//返回字符串,实际就是返回一个页面,这个页面的路径等于springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件中的prefix+这里返回的值+suffix
return "wap/login";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/wap/doLogin.do")
//@ResponseBody 这个注解是用来返回json格式数据的;添加这个注解,返回的就不是页面,而是json数据
public ModelAndView doLogin(HttpServletRequest request,HttpSession session){
//返回类型为ModelAndView,也是返回一个页面,但是可以把页面需要的数据放在ModelAndView的对象中
ModelAndView m = new ModelAndView("wap/index");
String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
String password = request.getParameter("password");
//这里为了简便,省去参数是否为空是否合法的判断
UserEntity user = userService.login(userName, password);
if(user!=null){
//放入一个数据,在页面可以通过"${userName}"的形式取出来
m.addObject("userName", user.getRealName());
}
//为了简便,省略错误情况的处理。。。。
return m;
}
}
6,页面一般采用jsp+jstl展示需要的页面和数据,这里只写了一个非常简单的两个jsp页面作为参考:
(1)login.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<!-- 定义当前页面的路径 -->
<base href="<%=basePath%>wap/">
<title>简单登录页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="doLogin.do" method="POST">
<input name="userName" type="text"/>
<br/>
<input name="password" type="password"/>
<br/>
<input value="提交" type="submit"/>
<input value="重置" type="reset"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
(2)index.jsp:
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>wap/">
<title>简单首页</title>
</head>
<body>
${userName}...你好,欢迎登录。
</body>
</html>
嗯,简单还有点敷衍的页面…….
7,以上所有代码搞完之后,将项目部署到tomcat(我的项目名是springMVC),启动tomcat访问结果:
输入“juong”和“123”,点击提交,结果如下,
完整项目下载地址,需要使用git工具下载。