SpringMVC
1.SpringMVC的注解开发
1.创建项目
2.完善项目
3.导入依赖
4.配置web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServle</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServle</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
5.配置SpringMVC配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--配置自动扫描包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wangxing.springmvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
<!--配置视图解析器-->
<!--org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=""></property>
</bean>
</beans>
6.创建控制器
package com.wangxing.springmvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/test1.do")
public ModelAndView testRequest(){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("info","hello,网星软件");
mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
return mav;
}
}
7.创建jsp
8.配置服务部署项目
9.测试http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do
2. @Controller注解
@Controller---表示我们所编写的java类是一个处理请求的控制器类。
只能作用在java类。
可以使用@Component去代替,在javaweb程序中是分层出来的为了表名java类是一个控制器,我们才使用@Controller
@Controller中包含有@Component。
@Controller与我们在spring中学习的@Service和@Repository将应用程序标记为不同的层。
数据访问层------@Repository
业务访问层------@Service
Web层【控制层】----@Controller
webapp------------静态资源
3. @RequestMapping
设置控制器类/请求处理方法的访问路径的
@RequestMapping可以作用在java类上,表示配置这个java类的访问路径;
package com.wangxing.springmvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController{
@RequestMapping("/test1.do")
public ModelAndView testRequest(){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("info","hello,网星软件");
mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
return mav;
}
}
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/hello/test1.do
如果控制器类中没有@RequestMapping("/hello"),那么我们要访问请求处理方法就可以直接使用请求处理方法上@RequestMapping("/test1.do")的访问路径。
package com.wangxing.springmvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class HelloController{
@RequestMapping("/test1.do")
public ModelAndView testRequest(){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("info","hello,网星软件");
mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
return mav;
}
}
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do
@RequestMapping也可以作用在请求处理方法上,表示配置这个请求处理方法的访问路径。
@RequestMapping的常用的属性
1.value表示设置访问路径[可以省略]
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1.do")
可以省略
@RequestMapping("/test1.do")
设置访问路径的时候可以设置通配符
? : 匹配任何单字符
例如:@RequestMapping("/?hello.test")
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/atest1.do
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do //错误
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/hhhtest1.do //错误
* : 匹配任意数量的字符
例如:@RequestMapping("/*hello.test")
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/wtest1.do
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/wwwtest1.do
例如:@RequestMapping("/*/hello.test")
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/w/test1.do
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/www/test1.do
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do //错误
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/hhhh/www/test1.do //错误
** : 匹配多个路径
例如:@RequestMapping("/**/hello.test")
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/test1.do
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/w/test1.do
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/www/test1.do
http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/hhh/www/test1.do
2. method--限制请求的访问方式【GET、POST.....】
表现形式:@RequestMapping(value = "/login.do",method = RequestMethod.POST )
Index.jsp
<%@page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %>
<html>
<body>
<form action="test1.do" method="get">
<input type="submit" value="测试Method属性"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
package com.wangxing.springmvc.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class HelloController{
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1.do",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView testRequest(){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("info","hello,网星软件");
mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
return mav;
}
}
将index.jsp页面中的表单提交放射修改成post即可成功。
只能处理get请求
@RequestMapping(value = "/gethello.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@GetMapping(value = "/gethello.do")
只能处理post请求
@RequestMapping(value = "/gethello.do",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@PostMapping(value = "/gethello.do")
4. 请求处理方法接收请求参数值
1. @PathVariable 定义在方法上获取请求url路径上的参数数据
例如:
请求处理方法:
@RequestMapping(value = "/get1/{username}/{password}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView getReqParam1(@PathVariable("username")String name,
@PathVariable("password")String pass){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("username",name);
mav.addObject("password",pass);
mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
return mav;
}
http请求:http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/get1/zhangsan/123456
注意:web.xml文件的中央中央控制的<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
2. @RequestParam 定义在方法上,获取请求中通过key=value方式传递的参数数据
例如:
请求处理方法
@RequestMapping(value = "/get2",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView getReqParam2(@RequestParam("username")String name, @RequestParam("password")String pass){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("username",name);
mav.addObject("password",pass);
mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
return mav;
}
http请求:http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/get2?username=lisi&password=000000
web.xml文件的中央中央控制器的<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
请求处理方法:@RequestMapping(value = "/get2.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)
http请求:http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/get2.do?username=lisi&password=000000
3. HttpServletRequest对象的getParameter()方法接收数据
例如:
请求处理方法
@RequestMapping(value = "/get3.do",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView getReqParam3(HttpServletRequest request){
String name=request.getParameter("username");
String pass=request.getParameter("password");
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("username",name);
mav.addObject("password",pass);
mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
return mav;
}
http请求:http://localhost:8080/spingmvc2/get3.do?username=wangwu&password=111111
4.在请求处理方法中定义对应参数变量,参数变量的名称与页面元素的name属性值相同
例如:
login.jsp
login.jsp
<%@page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<body>
<form action="get4.do" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
请求处理方法
@RequestMapping(value = "/get4.do",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView getReqParam4(String username,String password){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("username",username);
mav.addObject("password",password);
mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
return mav;
}
5. 将需要提交的请求参数值封装到java对象中【java对象的成员变量的名称一定要与页面元素的name属性值相同】
例如:
register.jsp
<%@page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<body>
<form action="get5.do" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"/><br>
年龄:<input type="text" name="age"/><br>
地址:<input type="text" name="address"/><br>
日期:<input type="text" name="day"/><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
PersonBean.java
PersonBean.java
package com.wangxing.springmvc.bean;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class PersonBean {
private String username;
private String password;
private Integer age;
private String address;
@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date day;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Date getDay() {
return day;
}
public void setDay(Date day) {
this.day = day;
}
}
请求处理方法:
@RequestMapping(value = "/get5.do",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView getReqParam5(PersonBean personBean){
ModelAndView mav=new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("personBean",personBean);
mav.setViewName("test.jsp");
return mav;
}
注意:java对象的成员变量的名称一定要与页面元素的name属性值相同
6. 将被提交的请求参数组织成json数据【后面介绍】
SpringMVC访问静态资源
当我们使用SPringMVC访问HTML文件的时候出现404错误,因为SpringMVC不支持静态资源的访问【.html / .js / .css /.jpg.....】
方案一:激活Tomcat的defaultServlet来处理静态文件[web.xml]
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
要写在DispatcherServlet的前面, 让defaultServlet先拦截,这个就不会进入Spring了,我想性能是最好的吧。
方案二: 在spring3.0.4以后版本提供了mvc:resources
<!--对静态资源文件的访问-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/images/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/" />
SpringMVC
SpringMVC的请求处理方法接收请求参数
请求处理方法接收json参数
1创建项目
2完善项目
3导入依赖
<!-- 配置开发SpringMVC所以来的jar包 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 配置ServletAPI依赖 -->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-databind -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-annotations -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
4配置web.xml
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServle</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServle</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
5配置SpringMVC配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
<!--配置自动扫描包-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wangxing.springmvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
6创建HTML页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>用户注册</title>
</head>
<body>
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><h1>用户注册</h1></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>用户名:</td>
<td><input id="username" type="text" name="username"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码:</td>
<td><input id="password" type="password" name="password"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>年龄:</td>
<td><input id="myage" type="text" name="myage"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>地址:</td>
<td><input id="myaddress" type="text" name="myaddress"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input id="but1" type="button" value="提交" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
7.在webapp文件夹中创建jquery文件,并将jquery-3.5.1.min.js复制进jquery文件。
重新加载一次jquery文件中的jquery-3.5.1.min.js文件
8 在html文件中导入jquery,并发送ajax请求
<script src="jquery/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$("#but1").click(function () {
var username=$("#username").val();
var password=$("#password").val();
var myage=$("#myage").val();
var myaddress=$("#myaddress").val();
//组织成json数据[json对象]
var params={"username":username,"password":password,"myage":myage,"myaddress":myaddress};
//3.将上面组织好的json数据发送到控制器类的请求处理方法中接收处理
$.ajax({
//设置访问地址
url:"http://localhost:8080/springmvc3/test1.do",
//设置被发送的具体数据【json字符串】
data:JSON.stringify(params),
//设置请求提交方式
type:"POST",
//设置响应数据的类型是json
datatype:"json",
//设置请求的数据是json数据,绝对不可以省略
contentType:"application/json",
//设置请求发送成功以后的处理函数
success:function(data){
alert(data);
}
});
});
});
</script>
注意:不能使用jquery的post方式发送ajax请求,因为jquery的post方式发送ajax请求时http协议的请求头中的contentType的属性值不是"application/json",所以会出现“Failed to load resource: the server responded with a status of 415 (Unsupported Media Type)”错误。
9 创建被提交的json数据对应的java实体类
注意:java实体类的成员变量名称与被提交的json数据中的key值相同。
10创建控制器
package com.wangxing.springmvc.controller;
import com.wangxing.springmvc.bean.UserBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1.do",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public void testRequest(@RequestBody UserBean userBean){
System.out.println("username=="+userBean.getUsername());
System.out.println("password=="+userBean.getPassword());
System.out.println("myage=="+userBean.getMyage());
System.out.println("myaddress=="+userBean.getMyaddress());
}
}
11.测试
http://localhost:8080/springmvc3/register.html
控制台输出
@RequestBody
@RequestBody注解接收来自请求体中的参数。
一般用于处理非 Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded编码格式的数据,比如:application/json、application/xml等类型的数据。
“Content-Type:application/json”使用注解@RequestBody可以将请求体里面所有的json数据传到后端,后端再进行解析,封装成java对象。
请求处理方法向浏览器页面返回json数据
package com.wangxing.springmvc.controller;
import com.wangxing.springmvc.bean.UserBean;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/test1.do")
@ResponseBody
public UserBean testRequest(){
UserBean user1=new UserBean();
user1.setUsername("zhangsan");
user1.setPassword("000000");
user1.setMyage(23);
user1.setMyaddress("西安");
return user1;
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/test2.do")
@ResponseBody
public List<UserBean> testRequest2(){
UserBean user1=new UserBean();
user1.setUsername("zhangsan");
user1.setPassword("000000");
user1.setMyage(23);
user1.setMyaddress("西安");
UserBean user2=new UserBean();
user2.setUsername("lisi");
user2.setPassword("111111");
user2.setMyage(24);
user2.setMyaddress("北京");
List<UserBean> userBeanList=new ArrayList<UserBean>();
userBeanList.add(user1);
userBeanList.add(user2);
return userBeanList;
}
}
http://localhost:8080/springmvc3/test1.do
{"username":"zhangsan","password":"000000","myage":23,"myaddress":"西安"}
http://localhost:8080/springmvc3/test2.do
[{"username":"zhangsan","password":"000000","myage":23,"myaddress":"西安"},{"username":"lisi","password":"111111","myage":24,"myaddress":"北京"}]
@ResponseBody的作用其实是将java对象转为json格式的数据【json对象】。
Json对象与json字符串之间的转换
Json对象---》json字符串 JSON.stringify(json对象)
json字符串---》Json对象 eval("("+json字符串+")");
例如:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>用户注册</title>
<script src="jquery/jquery-3.5.1.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(function () {
$("#but1").click(function () {
//定义json对象
var jsonObj={id:1001,username:"zhangsan",age:23,address:"西安"};
//alert(jsonObj); //[object Object]
var jsonString=JSON.stringify(jsonObj);
alert(jsonString); //{"id":1001,"username":"zhangsan","age":23,"address":"西安"}
});
$("#but2").click(function () {
//var jsonString="{\"id\":1001,\"username\":\"zhangsan\",\"age\":23,\"address\":\"西安\"}";
var jsonString="{'id':1001,'username':'zhangsan','age':23,'address':'西安'}";
var jsonObj=eval("("+jsonString+")");
alert(jsonObj); //[object Object]
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input id="but1" type="button" value="json对象转换成Json字符串" /><br>
<input id="but2" type="button" value="Json字符串转换成json对象" />
</body>
</html>