应用程序中的主窗口:
主窗口是与用户进行长时间交互的顶层窗口,程序的绝大多数功能直接由主窗口提供,主窗口通常是应用程序启动后显示的第一个窗口,整个程序由一个主窗口和多个对话框组成。
qt中的主窗口:
qt开发平台中直接支持主窗口的概念,
QMainWindow是qt中主窗口的基类,
QMainWindow继承于QWidget是一种容器类型的组件。
QMainWindow中封装的秘密
1、菜单栏2、工具栏3、中心组件4、停靠组件5、状态栏
QMainWindow只能作为顶层组件,只能以串口形式存在,不能作为别的窗口的子组件。
在qt中提供与菜单相关的类组件:菜单栏QMenuBar 下拉菜单组QMenu 菜单项QAction
在qt主窗口中创建菜单:
QMenuBar* mb=menuBar(); //member function菜单栏
QMenu* menu=new QMenu("File(&f)");
QAction* action=new QAction("New",NULL);
menu->addAction(action);
mb->addMenu(menu);
快捷键设置:
action->setShortcut(QKeySequence(KEY))
QKeySequence-Qt中与快捷键相关的类
KEY-Qt中代表键值的常量。
#ifndef _MAINWINDOW_H_
#define _MAINWINDOW_H_
#include <QtGui/QMainWindow>
#include <QKeySequence>
#include <QMenuBar>
#include <QAction>
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
MainWindow();
MainWindow(const MainWindow&);
MainWindow& operator= (const MainWindow&);
bool construct();
bool initMenuBar();
bool initFileMenu(QMenuBar* mb);
bool makeAction(QAction*& action, QString text, int key);
public:
static MainWindow* NewInstance();
~MainWindow();
};
#endif // _MAINWINDOW_H_
#include "MainWindow.h"
#include <QMenu>
MainWindow::MainWindow()
{
}
MainWindow* MainWindow::NewInstance()
{
MainWindow* ret = new MainWindow();
if( (ret == NULL) || !ret->construct() )
{
delete ret;
ret = NULL;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::construct()
{
bool ret = true;
ret = ret && initMenuBar();
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initMenuBar(){
bool ret = true;
QMenuBar* mb = menuBar();
ret = ret && initFileMenu(mb);
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initFileMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("File(&F)");//(&F)文件后边的功能,alt +F 能打开
bool ret = (menu != NULL);
if( ret )
{
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "New(N)", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_N);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action); // add Action item to Menu
}
menu->addSeparator();
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Exit(X)", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_X);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action); // add Action item to Menu
}
}
if( ret )
{
mb->addMenu(menu); // add Menu add to application Menu Bar
}
else
{
delete menu;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::makeAction(QAction*& action, QString text, int key)
{
bool ret = true;
action = new QAction(text, NULL);
if( action != NULL )
{
action->setShortcut(QKeySequence(key));
}
else
{
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
}
#include <QtGui/QApplication>
#include "MainWindow.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
MainWindow* w = MainWindow::NewInstance();
int ret = -1;
if( w != NULL )
{
w->show();
ret = a.exec();
}
return ret;
}
主窗口是与用户进行长时间交互的顶层窗口,
主窗口通常是应用程序启动后显示的第一个窗口,
QMainWindow是QT中主窗口的基类,是一种容器类型的窗口组件,封装了菜单栏,工具栏,状态栏等组件。
28、主窗口中的工具栏
应用程序中集成各种功能实现快捷使用的一个区域,工具栏并不是应用程序中必须存在的组件,工具栏中的元素可以各种窗口的组件,工具栏中的元素通常以 图标按钮的方式存在。
在qt中提供于工具栏相关的类组件
工具栏(QToolBar)
快捷项(QAction)
在Qt主窗口中创建工具栏:
/* call memeber function */
QToolBar* tb=addToolBar("Tool Bar");
/* create item for Tool Bar*/
QAction* action=new QAction("",NULL);
/* set action property*/
action->setToolTip("Open"); //鼠标停留显示
action->setIcon(QIcon(":/res/pic/open.png")); //图标
/*add item to Tool Bar*/
tb->addAction(action);
QToolBar的关键成员函数
void setFloatable(bool floatable)//能不能悬浮
void setMovable(bool movabe)//能否停留到别的地方
void setIconSize(const QSize& iconSize)//设置大小
QToolBar 中可以加入任意的QWidget组件
QToolBar*tb=addToolBar("Tool Bar");
QPushButton* b=new QPushButton("Button");
QLabel* =new QPushButton("Buutton");
QLabel* =new QLabel("Label");
QLineEdit* e=new QLineEdit();
tb->addWidget(b);
tb->addWidget(l);
tb->addWidget(e);
添加资源文件
29、主窗口中的状态栏
状态栏是应用程序中输出简要信息的区域,状态栏一般位于主窗口的最底部,状态栏中的消息类型:
实时消息:如当前状态。
永久消息:如程序版本号,机构名称
进度消息,如:进度条提示,百分比提示。
状态栏:QStatusBar
任意组件
QStatusBar* sb=statusBar();
设计原则:
左边的区域用于输出实时消息,右边的区域用于设置永久消息。
addWidget在状态栏左半部分添加组件,
addPermanentWidget在状态栏右半部分添加组件。
状态栏是程序中输出简要信息的区域,QStatusBar是qt中创建状态栏组件的类,可以添加任意的QWisget,有自己内置的设计原则,可以定制出各种形式的状态栏。
30、文本编辑组件
qt中支持3种常用的文本编辑组件
QlineEdit:单行文本编辑器组件
QTextEdit:多行富文本编辑组件,增加多媒体效果。
QPlainTextEdit:多行普通文本编辑组件
qt中常用文本编辑组件的内置功能
1,右键弹出式菜单
2、快捷键功能:赋值,粘贴,剪切
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H
#include <QtGui/QMainWindow>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QPlainTextEdit>
#include <QTextEdit>
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
QLineEdit lineEdit;
QPlainTextEdit plainEdit;
QTextEdit textEdit;
public:
MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
~MainWindow();
};
#endif
#include "MainWindow.h"
MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent),
lineEdit(this), plainEdit(this), textEdit(this)
{
resize(600, 420);
lineEdit.move(20, 20);
lineEdit.resize(560, 100);
lineEdit.insert("QLineEdit");
lineEdit.insert("\n");
lineEdit.insert("<img src=\"C:\\Users\\hp\\Desktop\\D.T.png\" />");
plainEdit.move(20, 130);
plainEdit.resize(560, 130);
plainEdit.insertPlainText("QPlainTextEdit");
plainEdit.insertPlainText("\n");
plainEdit.insertPlainText("<img src=\"C:\\Users\\hp\\Desktop\\D.T.png\" />");
textEdit.move(20, 270);
textEdit.resize(560, 130);
textEdit.insertPlainText("QTextEdit");
textEdit.insertPlainText("\n");
textEdit.insertHtml("<img src=\"C:\\Users\\hp\\Desktop\\D.T.png\" />");
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
}
#include <QtGui/QApplication>
#include "MainWindow.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
MainWindow w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
文本编辑器
#ifndef _MAINWINDOW_H_
#define _MAINWINDOW_H_
#include <QtGui/QMainWindow>
#include <QKeySequence>
#include <QMenuBar>
#include <QToolBar>
#include <QAction>
#include <QPlainTextEdit>
#include <QLabel>
class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
QPlainTextEdit mainEditor;
QLabel statusLbl;
MainWindow();
MainWindow(const MainWindow&);
MainWindow& operator= (const MainWindow&);
bool construct();
bool initMenuBar();
bool initToolBar();
bool initStatusBar();
bool initMainEditor();
bool initFileMenu(QMenuBar* mb);
bool initEditMenu(QMenuBar* mb);
bool initFormatMenu(QMenuBar* mb);
bool initViewMenu(QMenuBar* mb);
bool initHelpMenu(QMenuBar* mb);
bool initFileToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
bool initEditToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
bool initFormatToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
bool initViewToolItem(QToolBar* tb);
bool makeAction(QAction*& action, QString text, int key);
bool makeAction(QAction*& action, QString tip, QString icon);
public:
static MainWindow* NewInstance();
~MainWindow();
};
#endif // _MAINWINDOW_H_
#include "MainWindow.h"
#include <QMenu>
#include <QIcon>
#include <QSize>
#include <QStatusBar>
#include <QLabel>
MainWindow::MainWindow()
{
}
MainWindow* MainWindow::NewInstance()
{
MainWindow* ret = new MainWindow();
if( (ret == NULL) || !ret->construct() )
{
delete ret;
ret = NULL;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::construct()
{
bool ret = true;
ret = ret && initMenuBar();
ret = ret && initToolBar();
ret = ret && initStatusBar();
ret = ret && initMainEditor();
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initMenuBar()
{
bool ret = true;
QMenuBar* mb = menuBar();
ret = ret && initFileMenu(mb);
ret = ret && initEditMenu(mb);
ret = ret && initFormatMenu(mb);
ret = ret && initViewMenu(mb);
ret = ret && initHelpMenu(mb);
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initToolBar()
{
bool ret = true;
QToolBar* tb = addToolBar("Tool Bar");
tb->setIconSize(QSize(16, 16));
ret = ret && initFileToolItem(tb);
tb->addSeparator();
ret = ret && initEditToolItem(tb);
tb->addSeparator();
ret = ret && initFormatToolItem(tb);
tb->addSeparator();
ret = ret && initViewToolItem(tb);
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initStatusBar()
{
bool ret = true;
QStatusBar* sb = statusBar();
QLabel* label = new QLabel("D.T.Software");
if( label != NULL )
{
statusLbl.setMinimumWidth(200);
statusLbl.setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
statusLbl.setText("Ln: 1 Col: 1");
label->setMinimumWidth(200);
label->setAlignment(Qt::AlignCenter);
sb->addPermanentWidget(new QLabel());
sb->addPermanentWidget(&statusLbl);
sb->addPermanentWidget(label);
}
else
{
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initMainEditor()
{
bool ret = true;
mainEditor.setParent(this);
setCentralWidget(&mainEditor);
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initFileMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("File(&F)");
bool ret = (menu != NULL);
if( ret )
{
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "New(&N)", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_N);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Open(&O)...", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_O);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Save(&S)", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_S);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Save As(&A)...", 0);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Print(&P)...", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_P);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Exit(&X)", 0);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
}
if( ret )
{
mb->addMenu(menu);
}
else
{
delete menu;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initEditMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("Edit(&E)");
bool ret = (menu != NULL);
if( ret )
{
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Undo(&U)", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_Z);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Redo(&R)...", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_Y);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Cut(&T)", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_X);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Copy(&C)...", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_C);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Paste(&P)...", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_V);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Delete(&L)", Qt::Key_Delete)
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Find(&F)...", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_F);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Replace(&R)...", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_H);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Goto(&G)...", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_G);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
menu->addSeparator();
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Select All(&A)", Qt::CTRL + Qt::Key_A);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
}
if( ret )
{
mb->addMenu(menu);
}
else
{
delete menu;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initFormatMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("Format(&O)");
bool ret = (menu != NULL);
if( ret )
{
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Auto Wrap(&W)", 0);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Font(&F)...", 0);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
}
if( ret )
{
mb->addMenu(menu);
}
else
{
delete menu;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initViewMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("View(&V)");
bool ret = (menu != NULL);
if( ret )
{
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Tool Bar(&T)", 0);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Status Bar(&S)", 0);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
}
if( ret )
{
mb->addMenu(menu);
}
else
{
delete menu;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initHelpMenu(QMenuBar* mb)
{
QMenu* menu = new QMenu("Help(&H)");
bool ret = (menu != NULL);
if( ret )
{
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "User Manual", 0);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "About NotePad...", 0);
if( ret )
{
menu->addAction(action);
}
}
if( ret )
{
mb->addMenu(menu);
}
else
{
delete menu;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initFileToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
bool ret = true;
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "New", ":/res/pic/new.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Open", ":/res/pic/open.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Save", ":/res/pic/save.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Save As", ":/res/pic/saveas.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Print", ":/res/pic/print.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initEditToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
bool ret = true;
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Undo", ":/res/pic/undo.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Redo", ":/res/pic/redo.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Cut", ":/res/pic/cut.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Copy", ":/res/pic/copy.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Paste", ":/res/pic/paste.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Find", ":/res/pic/find.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Replace", ":/res/pic/replace.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Goto", ":/res/pic/goto.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initFormatToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
bool ret = true;
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Auto Wrap", ":/res/pic/wrap.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Font", ":/res/pic/font.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::initViewToolItem(QToolBar* tb)
{
bool ret = true;
QAction* action = NULL;
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Tool Bar", ":/res/pic/tool.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
ret = ret && makeAction(action, "Status Bar", ":/res/pic/status.png");
if( ret )
{
tb->addAction(action);
}
return ret;
bool MainWindow::makeAction(QAction*& action, QString text, int key)
{
bool ret = true;
action = new QAction(text, NULL);
if( action != NULL )
{
action->setShortcut(QKeySequence(key));
}
else
{
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
bool MainWindow::makeAction(QAction*& action, QString tip, QString icon)
{
bool ret = true;
action = new QAction("", NULL);
if( action != NULL )
{
action->setToolTip(tip);
action->setIcon(QIcon(icon));
}
else
{
ret = false;
}
return ret;
}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
#include <QtGui/QApplication>
#include "MainWindow.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
MainWindow* w = MainWindow::NewInstance();
int ret = -1;
if( w != NULL )
{
w->show();
ret = a.exec();
}
delete w;
return ret;
}
小结:qt中提供了3种不同类型的文本编辑组件
qt中的文本编辑组件封装了常用的编辑功能: