JSP,Velocity,Freemarker,Thymeleaf...
Spring Boot推荐的模版引擎:Thymeleaf。
2、引入Thymeleaf依赖
<!-- 修改Spring Boot的默认版本 --> <thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version> <!-- 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3 对应layout2版本 thymeleaf2 对应layout1版本 --> <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version> <!-- thymeleaf模版引擎 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency>
3、Thymeleaf的使用&语法
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf") public class ThymeleafProperties { //默认编码 private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8"); //文档类型 private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html"); //模版位置 public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/"; //模版后缀 public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html"; private boolean checkTemplate = true; private boolean checkTemplateLocation = true; private String prefix = DEFAULT_PREFIX; private String suffix = DEFAULT_SUFFIX; private String mode = "HTML5"; private Charset encoding = DEFAULT_ENCODING; private MimeType contentType = DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE; //缓存 private boolean cache = true; private Integer templateResolverOrder; private String[] viewNames; private String[] excludedViewNames; private boolean enabled = true; //other code... }
只要把模版html放置在classpath:/templates/目录下,thymeleaf就会自动渲染。
4、使用Thymeleaf:
(1)、导入thymeleaf的名称空间:
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"></html>
(2)、thymeleaf语法:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <div th:text="${hello}">这里是原来的文本!</div> </body> </html>
th:任意html属性:用来替换原生html属性的值,例如id换成th:id, class换成th:class等等。
Simple expressions:(表达式语法) Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值,OGNL表达式 1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法 2)、使用内置的基本对象 #ctx : the context object. #vars: the context variables. #locale : the context locale. #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object. #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object. #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object. #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object. 3)、内置的工具对象 #execInfo : information about the template being processed. #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax. #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any). #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc. #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects. #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects. #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc. #objects : methods for objects in general. #bools : methods for boolean evaluation. #arrays : methods for arrays. #lists : methods for lists. #sets : methods for sets. #maps : methods for maps. #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections. #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration) Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式,跟${}功能类似 补充功能:配合th:object进行使用 <div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div> Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容 Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL链接 例子:@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')} Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式 Literals: Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,… Text operations: String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}| Arithmetic operations: Binary operators: + , - , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): - Boolean operations: Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not Comparisons and equality: Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne ) Conditional operators: If-then: (if) ? (then) If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue) Special tokens: No-Operation: _
iii)、thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取:
<div th:fragment="copy"> © 版权所有 </div>
2)、引入公共片段
<div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>~{templatename :: #selectorId} 表示:模版名::#选择器id
代码片段 <div id="copy-section"> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div> 插入片段 <div th:insert="~{footer :: #copy-section}"></div>
~{templatename :: fragmentname} 表示:模版名::片段名
代码片段 <div th:fragment="copy"> © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </div> 插入片段 <div th:insert="~{footer :: copy}"></div>
3)、默认效果:insert的功能片段会被插入到div标签中。
如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{},可以直接写templatename::#selectorId/fragmentname。
但是如果是行内写法,必须加上~{}, 如[[~{}]]。
th:insert:将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
th:replace:将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
th:include:将被引入的片段的内容包含到引入的元素中
代码片段 <footer th:fragment="copy"> © 版权所有 </footer> 引入方式 <div th:insert="~{footer::copy}"></div> <div th:replace="~{footer::copy}"></div> <div th:include="~{footer::copy}"></div> 实际效果: th:insert效果 <div> <footer> © 版权所有 </footer> </div> th:replace效果 <footer> © 版权所有 </footer> th:include效果 <div> © 版权所有 </div>
(4)、在引入代码片段的时候,可以使用传递参数的方式,这样在代码片段中就可以使用传递过来的参数。
<div th:fragment="frag"> ... </div> <div th:replace="::frag (onevar=${value1},twovar=${value2})">
或
<div th:fragment="frag (onevar,twovar)"> <p th:text="${onevar} + ' - ' + ${twovar}">...</p> </div> <div th:replace="::frag (${value1},${value2})">...</div> 使用命名参数时顺序不重要 <div th:replace="::frag (onevar=${value1},twovar=${value2})">...</div> <div th:replace="::frag (twovar=${value2},onevar=${value1})">...</div>
比如,在templates/commons/bar.html中定义了如下代码片段
<nav id="sidebar"> <a class="nav-link" th:class="${activeUrl == 'main' ? 'nav-link active' : 'nav-link'}" ...> ... </a> </nav>
在引入该代码片段的时候,可以使用传递参数的方式。
<div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUrl='main')">...</div> 或 <div th:replace="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUrl='emps')">...</div>
至于其他Thymeleaf语法可以参考Thymeleaf官网:http://www.thymeleaf.org。
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