实例组成:
1、pom.xml:maven文件标明依赖和build插件。
2、logback.xml:配置logback日志,主要由根节点configuration、子节点、、组成。
3、index.jsp:用于展示的jsp文件。
4、@Configuration、@EnableMvc注解的配置类:使能MVC,并装配ViewResolver的Bean,用于将逻辑视图创建生成物理视图。
5、实现WebApplicationContextInitializer接口的类:用以替代web.xml。需要创建一个ApplicationContext,将其与ServletContext建立联系(相互包含),并将ApplicationContext作为SpringMVC的Servlet构造器参数创建Servlet,该Servlet被动态注册到ServletContext中。
6、@Controller注解的控制类:该类或类中方法用@RequestMapping注解用以表明URL与方法之间的映射。
7、本实例的服务器采用Tomcat8.5,其他亦可。
1. pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.springmvc</groupId>
<artifactId>com-springmvc</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<!-- generic properties -->
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<!--web -->
<jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
<servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version>
<!-- spring -->
<spring-framework.version>4.3.5.RELEASE</spring-framework.version>
<!-- logging -->
<logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax</groupId>
<artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId>
<version>7.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring MVC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 其他web依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>${jstl.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>${jsp.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>${servlet.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring and transaction -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring-framework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SLF4J and logback -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-access</artifactId>
<version>${logback.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>${java.version}</source>
<target>${java.version}</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
2. logback.xml(src.main.resource目录下)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="1 seconds">
<contextListener class="ch.qos.logback.classic.jul.LevelChangePropagator">
<resetJUL>true</resetJUL>
</contextListener>
<jmxConfigurator/>
<appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>logback: %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<logger name="org.springframework.web" level="DEBUG"/>
<root level="INFO">
<appender-ref ref="console"/>
</root>
</configuration>
3. index.jsp(遵循spring boot习惯,在src.main.resource的views下)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<pre>
Welcome to Spring MVC world.
</pre>
</body>
</html>
4. Configuration类
package com.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com")
@EnableWebMvc
public class MvcConfig {
@Bean
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver =
new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/");
viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
//JstlView is used to support java standard tag library and create jsp view
viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
return viewResolver;
}
}
5. WebApplicationContextInitializer接口的实现类
package com.webapplicationinitializer;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic;
import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
import com.config.MvcConfig;
/** Use class that implements WebApplicationInitializer interface to substitute web.xml
* @author apple
*
*/
public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext applicationContext =
new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
applicationContext.register(MvcConfig.class); // process annotated class MvcConfig
applicationContext.setServletContext(servletContext); // make applicationContext and servletContext related
applicationContext.refresh();
//register new spring MVC servlet, and setup it, which is equal to the setting of <servlet> and <servlet-mapping> in web.xml.
Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(applicationContext));
servlet.addMapping("/");
servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
}
}
6. 控制器
package com.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloController {
@RequestMapping("/index")
public String hello() {
//通过前面MvcConfig中ViewResolver Bean的配置,返回值为index,说明请求页面放置在
// /WEB-INF/classes/views/index.jsp
return "index";
}
}
7. 显示结果
地址栏:http://localhost:8080/com-springmvc/index
显示:Welcome to Spring MVC world.