目标图片：

import numpy as np
import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
 
 
def conv(image, kernel, mode='same'):
    if mode == 'fill':
        h = kernel.shape[0] // 2
        w = kernel.shape[1] // 2
 
        image = np.pad(image, ((h, h), (w, w), (0, 0)), 'constant')
    conv_b = _convolve(image[:, :, 0], kernel)
    conv_g = _convolve(image[:, :, 1], kernel)
    conv_r = _convolve(image[:, :, 2], kernel)
    res = np.dstack([conv_b, conv_g, conv_r])
    return res
 
def _convolve(image, kernel):
    h_kernel, w_kernel = kernel.shape
    h_image, w_image = image.shape
 
    res_h = h_image - h_kernel + 1
    res_w = w_image - w_kernel + 1
 
    res = np.zeros((res_h, res_w), np.uint8)
    for i in range(res_h):
        for j in range(res_w):
            res[i, j] = normal(image[i:i + h_kernel, j:j + w_kernel], kernel)
    return res
 
def normal(image, kernel):
    res = np.multiply(image, kernel).sum()
    if res > 255:
        return 255
    elif res < 0:
        return 0
    else:
        return res
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    path = 'butterfly.jpg'
    image = cv2.imread(path)
    image=cv2.cvtColor(image,cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
    # kernel 是一个3x3的边缘特征提取器，可以提取各个方向上的边缘
    # kernel2 是一个5x5的浮雕特征提取器。
    kernel1 = np.array([
        [1, 1, 1],
        [1, -9, 1],
        [1, 1, 1]
    ])
    kernel2 = np.array([[-1, -1, -1, -1, 0],
                        [-1, -1, -1, 0, 1],
                        [-1, -1, 0, 1, 1],
                        [-1, 0, 1, 1, 1],
                        [0, 1, 1, 1, 1]])
    res = conv(image, kernel1, 'fill')
    plt.imshow(res)
    plt.savefig('./out.png', dpi=600)
    plt.show()

执行代码后的成果：

参考资料：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40107571/article/details/128262086