requests是一个Python第三方库,可以方便地发送HTTP请求并处理响应。使用requests库需要先安装,可以通过pip命令进行安装:
```
pip install requests
```
安装完成后,就可以在Python代码中使用requests库了。以下是一些常见的使用方法:
1. 发送GET请求
```python
import requests
response = requests.get('http://www.example.com')
print(response.status_code) # 输出响应状态码
print(response.text) # 输出响应内容
```
2. 发送POST请求
```python
import requests
data = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
response = requests.post('http://www.example.com', data=data)
print(response.status_code) # 输出响应状态码
print(response.text) # 输出响应内容
```
3. 添加请求头
```python
import requests
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'}
response = requests.get('http://www.example.com', headers=headers)
print(response.status_code) # 输出响应状态码
print(response.text) # 输出响应内容
```
4. 发送带参数的请求
```python
import requests
params = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
response = requests.get('http://www.example.com', params=params)
print(response.status_code) # 输出响应状态码
print(response.text) # 输出响应内容
```
5. 发送带Cookies的请求
```python
import requests
cookies = {'cookie_name': 'cookie_value'}
response = requests.get('http://www.example.com', cookies=cookies)
print(response.status_code) # 输出响应状态码
print(response.text) # 输出响应内容
```
6. 发送文件
```python
import requests
files = {'file': open('file.txt', 'rb')}
response = requests.post('http://www.example.com/upload', files=files)
print(response.status_code) # 输出响应状态码
print(response.text) # 输出响应内容
```
以上是requests库的一些常见使用方法,更多的使用方法可以查看官方文档:https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/latest/