C# BackgroundWorker 简单示例

BackgroundWorker 简介

BackgroundWorker 是一个用于在后台执行操作的组件。它提供了一种简单的方法来在用户界面线程之外执行耗时的任务,同时保持用户界面响应。

BackgroundWorker 主要用于在后台处理较长时间运行的任务,以避免阻塞用户界面(UI)线程。例如,当你需要执行某个复杂的计算、下载大文件、执行数据库操作或与远程服务器通信时,可以使用 BackgroundWorker 来确保这些任务在后台进行而不会冻结用户界面。

简单示例

例子1:执行单一耗时操作

// Form1.cs
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    
    
    public Form1()
    {
    
    
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
    
    
        using (BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker())
        {
    
    
            backgroundWorker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(backgroundWorker_DoWork);
            backgroundWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(backgroundWorker_RunWorkerCompleted);
            backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); // 可以传入参数
        }

        // 后续过程(不会被 BackgroundWorker 阻塞,即不会等待其完毕再执行)
        // ...
    }

    private void backgroundWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
    
    
        //e.Argument // 可以取得传入的参数

        // 模拟耗时操作
        //...
        string result = "...";
        
        // 传递结果
        e.Result = result;
    }

    private void backgroundWorker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
    {
    
    
        textBox1.Text = e.Result.ToString(); // 输出结果
    }
}

例子2:执行批量耗时操作,支持进度和取消

// Form1.cs
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    
    
    public Form1()
    {
    
    
        InitializeComponent();
    }

    private BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker = null;

    private void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) // 开始按钮
    {
    
    
        // 初始化 BackgroundWorker
        if (backgroundWorker != null && backgroundWorker.IsBusy) return;
        backgroundWorker = new BackgroundWorker();

        backgroundWorker.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
        backgroundWorker.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true;

        backgroundWorker.DoWork += new DoWorkEventHandler(backgroundWorker_DoWork);
        backgroundWorker.ProgressChanged += BackgroundWorker_ProgressChanged;
        backgroundWorker.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(backgroundWorker_RunWorkerCompleted);
        backgroundWorker.RunWorkerAsync(); // 可以传入参数


        // 后续过程(不会被 BackgroundWorker 阻塞,即不会等待其完毕再执行)
        // ...
    }

    private void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) // 取消按钮
    {
    
    
        if (backgroundWorker == null) return;
        if (backgroundWorker.IsBusy && !backgroundWorker.CancellationPending) // 申请取消
        {
    
    
            backgroundWorker.CancelAsync();
        }
    }
    
    private void backgroundWorker_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
    
    
        //e.Argument // 可以取得传入的参数

        // 模拟批量操作
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
        {
    
    
            // 检查是否有取消申请
            if (backgroundWorker.CancellationPending)
            {
    
    
                e.Cancel = true;
                return;
            }

            // 模拟耗时操作
            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(50);

            // 反馈进度
            backgroundWorker.ReportProgress(i + 1);
        }
        string result = "...";

        // 传递结果
        e.Result = result;
    }

    private void BackgroundWorker_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
    {
    
    
        textBox1.Text = $"正在运行:{
      
      e.ProgressPercentage}/100"; // 输出进度
    }

    private void backgroundWorker_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
    {
    
    
        textBox1.Text = (!e.Cancelled) ? $"运行结果:{
      
      e.Result}" : "已取消"; // 输出结果

        // 释放 BackgroundWorker
        backgroundWorker.Dispose();
        backgroundWorker = null;
    }
}

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转载自blog.csdn.net/xzqsr2011/article/details/131459087