Python是一种高级编程语言,非常适合用于集成API,即应用程序编程接口。API通常是由网站和各种软件提供的接口,可以让不同的程序之间进行数据交换和通信。在Python中调用API,可以帮助我们轻松地获取数据,并将其整合到我们的应用程序中。
在这篇文章中,我们将介绍Python中如何调用API,以及在实际项目中如何应用它。我们的例子是调用item_get获取淘宝商品详情数据的API,一个提供各大电商数据接口的在线服务。
步骤1:注册并获取API密钥
大多数API会要求你注册,然后提供API密钥以访问其数据。在OpenAPI中,你需要前往网站_https://o0b.cn/jennif_进行注册并获取API密钥。登陆后,您会看到您的API key。
步骤2:安装requests模块
requests模块是Python中使用API的重要工具。如果从未安装过,请在终端或命令行中运行“pip install requests”来安装requests模块。
步骤3:构建API请求
通过使用requests模块中的get()方法发送HTTP GET请求来探索API。例如,要获取淘宝商品详情数据,请使用以下代码:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 |
# coding:utf-8 """ Compatible for python2.x and python3.x requirement: pip install requests """ from __future__ import print_function import requests # 请求示例 url 默认请求参数已经做URL编码 url = "https://api-服务器.cn/taobao/item_get/?key=<your_api_key>&secret=<your_apiSecret>&num_iid=652874751412&is_promotion=1" headers = { "Accept-Encoding": "gzip", "Connection": "close" } if __name__ == "__main__": r = requests.get(url, headers=headers) json_obj = r.json() print(json_obj) |
您需要将您的API key替换“{your_api_key}” 然后将城市名称代入到url中。 运行这段代码,我们即可获得item_get API返回的JSON格式的淘宝商品详情数据。
步骤4:解读API响应
API响应通常是在JSON格式中返回的。这些响应包含有关API请求的信息,例如成功或失败消息,以及我们需要的数据。 在上面的代码中,我们将API响应解析为JSON,并将其存储在变量“item”中。我们可以访问其中的具体数据元素,如商品标题、库存、销量、价格等。
"item": {
"num_iid": "652874751412",
"title": "北欧轻奢布艺沙发 小户型简约现代客厅ins风网红款三双人订制沙发",
"desc_short": "",
"price": "480.00",
"total_price": 0,
"suggestive_price": 0,
"orginal_price": "480.00",
"nick": "惜情yqq1127",
"num": "200",
"min_num": 0,
"detail_url": "https://item.taobao.com/item.htm?id=652874751412",
"pic_url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01aYBriY1Jem9UDtt9e_!!2568161054.jpg",
"brand": "#0 工厂",
"brandId": "1435187098",
"rootCatId": "50008164",
"cid": "50020632",
"crumbs": [],
"created_time": "",
"modified_time": "",
"delist_time": "",
"desc": "<img size=\"27893\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01LFmSOU1Jem9QOjMPb_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"132455\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN014vyOOT1Jem9DpHz3Y_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"2455\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01B3PpsA1Jem9N8V7uf_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"117664\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN015JbyeY1Jem9MZshUt_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"16674\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01HXSoxx1Jem9RvgzHN_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"96260\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01IEultA1Jem9MdEx8R_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"13573\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN0176K98O1Jem9QOjE69_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"110974\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN013Pxp1O1Jem9RvgeTv_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"104198\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01SfyZ8M1Jem9QOi1Gx_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"576580\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01bb1POa1Jem9Sdgve2_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"676617\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN018Eo9dV1Jem9KV0y79_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"9125\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01vuEofr1Jem9Nzy9xY_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"107197\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01qw9sAi1Jem8wkNKpy_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"198877\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01HeFhFw1Jem8rLnjBY_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"71423\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN01SNgjoi1Jem9QOil15_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"37628\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN01RXf3RA1Jem9DpHVwj_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"170889\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01gZmZjt1Jem9ISThgm_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"6378\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i2/2568161054/O1CN01YL0FHM1Jem9PQTjX9_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img size=\"212074\">https://img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01UhsEhZ1Jem8yvJIhZ_!!2568161054.jpg</img><img src=\"https://www.o0b.cn/i.php?t.png&rid=gw-4.64d05ab0706cc&p=1778786465&k=i_key&t=1691376306\" style=\"display:none\" />",
"desc_img": [],
"item_imgs": [
{
"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN01aYBriY1Jem9UDtt9e_!!2568161054.jpg"
},
{
"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01kjOfNb1Jem9DmWn8Y_!!2568161054.jpg"
},
{
"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN01HoB9ha1Jem9DmWn8r_!!2568161054.jpg"
},
{
"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i4/2568161054/O1CN011PjP2P1Jem9MXEUFT_!!2568161054.jpg"
},
{
"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i3/2568161054/O1CN01KUfBFL1Jem9KTTMn1_!!2568161054.jpg"
}
],
"item_weight": "",
"item_size": "",
"location": "江苏南通",
"post_fee": "",
"express_fee": null,
"ems_fee": "",
"shipping_to": "",
"has_discount": "false",
"video": {
"url": null
},
"is_virtual": "",
"sample_id": "",
"is_promotion": "false",
"props_name": "31480:14306495906:几人坐:脚踏90*60*48cm;31480:14306495907:几人坐:双人165*95*67cm;31480:14306495908:几人坐:三人210*95*67cm;31480:14306495909:几人坐:单人100*95*67cm;31480:21480914361:几人坐:四人位240*95*67cm;31480:21480914362:几人坐:大四人320*95*76cm;31480:1387571900:几人坐:3米贵妃沙发;31480:32527954:几人坐:定制尺寸;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
"prop_imgs": {
"prop_img": [
{
"properties": "1627207:28321",
"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN017GTZ4h1Jem9Qra1ap_!!2568161054.jpg"
}
]
},
"property_alias": "",
"props": [
{
"name": "品牌",
"value": "#0 工厂"
},
{
"name": "型号",
"value": "520"
},
{
"name": "材质",
"value": "木"
},
{
"name": "木质材质",
"value": "松木"
},
{
"name": "面料",
"value": "绒布"
},
{
"name": "风格",
"value": "北欧"
},
{
"name": "几人坐",
"value": "脚踏90*60*48cm,双人165*95*67cm,三人210*95*67cm,单人100*95*67cm,四人位240*95*67cm,大四人320*95*76cm,3米贵妃沙发,定制尺寸"
},
{
"name": "颜色分类",
"value": "乳白色"
},
{
"name": "填充物",
"value": "海绵"
},
{
"name": "结构工艺",
"value": "木质工艺"
},
{
"name": "是否可定制",
"value": "是"
},
{
"name": "沙发组合形式",
"value": "U形"
},
{
"name": "是否可拆洗",
"value": "是"
},
{
"name": "适用对象",
"value": "成年人"
},
{
"name": "是否带储物空间",
"value": "否"
},
{
"name": "产地",
"value": "上海"
},
{
"name": "地市",
"value": "上海市"
},
{
"name": "区县",
"value": "奉贤区"
},
{
"name": "是否组装",
"value": "否"
},
{
"name": "出租车是否可运输",
"value": "否"
},
{
"name": "填充物硬度",
"value": "软"
},
{
"name": "款式定位",
"value": "经济型"
}
],
"total_sold": "626",
"skus": {
"sku": [
{
"price": "480",
"total_price": 0,
"orginal_price": "480",
"properties": "31480:14306495906;1627207:28321",
"properties_name": "31480:14306495906:几人坐:脚踏90*60*48cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
"quantity": "200",
"sku_id": "4881047531343"
},
{
"price": "1688",
"total_price": 0,
"orginal_price": "1688",
"properties": "31480:14306495907;1627207:28321",
"properties_name": "31480:14306495907:几人坐:双人165*95*67cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
"quantity": "139",
"sku_id": "4881047531344"
},
{
"price": "2088",
"total_price": 0,
"orginal_price": "2088",
"properties": "31480:14306495908;1627207:28321",
"properties_name": "31480:14306495908:几人坐:三人210*95*67cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
"quantity": "200",
"sku_id": "4881047531345"
},
{
"price": "968",
"total_price": 0,
"orginal_price": "968",
"properties": "31480:14306495909;1627207:28321",
"properties_name": "31480:14306495909:几人坐:单人100*95*67cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
"quantity": "200",
"sku_id": "4881047531346"
},
{
"price": "2388",
"total_price": 0,
"orginal_price": "2388",
"properties": "31480:21480914361;1627207:28321",
"properties_name": "31480:21480914361:几人坐:四人位240*95*67cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
"quantity": "200",
"sku_id": "5039985183001"
},
{
"price": "3188",
"total_price": 0,
"orginal_price": "3188",
"properties": "31480:21480914362;1627207:28321",
"properties_name": "31480:21480914362:几人坐:大四人320*95*76cm;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
"quantity": "200",
"sku_id": "5039985183002"
},
{
"price": "3400",
"total_price": 0,
"orginal_price": "3400",
"properties": "31480:1387571900;1627207:28321",
"properties_name": "31480:1387571900:几人坐:3米贵妃沙发;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
"quantity": "200",
"sku_id": "5039984824000"
},
{
"price": "3000",
"total_price": 0,
"orginal_price": "3000",
"properties": "31480:32527954;1627207:28321",
"properties_name": "31480:32527954:几人坐:定制尺寸;1627207:28321:颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制",
"quantity": "200",
"sku_id": "5039985183003"
}
]
},
"seller_id": "2568161054",
"sales": 33,
"shop_id": "567158267",
"props_list": {
"31480:14306495906": "几人坐:脚踏90*60*48cm",
"31480:14306495907": "几人坐:双人165*95*67cm",
"31480:14306495908": "几人坐:三人210*95*67cm",
"31480:14306495909": "几人坐:单人100*95*67cm",
"31480:21480914361": "几人坐:四人位240*95*67cm",
"31480:21480914362": "几人坐:大四人320*95*76cm",
"31480:1387571900": "几人坐:3米贵妃沙发",
"31480:32527954": "几人坐:定制尺寸",
"1627207:28321": "颜色分类:乳白色 尺寸颜色可定制"
},
"seller_info": {
"nick": "惜情yqq1127",
"item_score": "4.9 ",
"score_p": "4.9 ",
"delivery_score": "4.9 ",
"shop_type": "C",
"user_num_id": "2568161054",
"sid": "567158267",
"title": "现代布艺沙发",
"zhuy": "https://shop567158267.taobao.com/",
"shop_name": "现代布艺沙发"
},
"tmall": false,
"error": "",
"warning": "",
"url_log": [],
"fav_count": "7948",
"fans_count": "680",
"freight": "平邮: 快递包邮",
"props_imgs": {
"prop_img": [
{
"properties": "1627207:28321",
"url": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN017GTZ4h1Jem9Qra1ap_!!2568161054.jpg"
}
]
},
"_ddf": "xdl",
"promo_type": null,
"props_img": {
"1627207:28321": "//img.alicdn.com/imgextra/i1/2568161054/O1CN017GTZ4h1Jem9Qra1ap_!!2568161054.jpg"
},
"format_check": "ok",
"shop_item": [],
"relate_items": []
},
步骤5:将获取的数据应用到您的应用程序
最后,我们需要将获取的数据应用到我们的应用程序中。 这可以通过使用从API响应中提取的数据来完成。
以下是一个完整调用OpenWeatherMap API并显示天气的Python脚本:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 |
|
这个Python脚本使用TKinter库构建了一个简单的GUI,允许用户输入城市名称,然后在屏幕上显示有关该城市的天气数据。 这正是API调用的核心思想——与其他应用程序通信获取数据,然后在您的应用程序中使用它。
结论
在Python中,使用API获取数据非常简单。步骤包括注册并获得API密钥,安装requests模块,构建API请求,解析API响应和将数据用于您的应用程序中。通过调用API,您可以轻松获取任何您需要的数据, 并将其整合到您的Python应用程序中。