Flex(弹性)布局、多媒体对象
- 弹性盒子(flexbox)
-
- 1. 基础弹性盒子
- 2. 水平方向(.flex-row / .flex-row -reverse)
- 3. 垂直方向(.flex-column / .flex-column-reverse)
- 4. 内容排列(.justify-content-* )
- 5. 等宽(.flex-fill )
- 6. 扩展(.flex-grow-1 )
- 7. 排序(.order-1 到12)
- 8. 外边距(.mr-auto / .ml-auto)
- 9. 包裹(.flex-nowrap (默认) / .flex-wrap / .flex-wrap-reverse)
- 10. 内容对齐(.align-content-*)
- 11. 子元素对齐(.align-items-* )
- 12. 指定子元素对齐(.align-self-* )
- 13. 响应式 flex 类
- 多媒体对象
弹性盒子(flexbox)
Bootstrap4 通过 flex 类来控制页面的布局。
Bootstrap 3 与 Bootstrap 4 最大的区别就是 Bootstrap 4 使用弹性盒子来布局,而不是使用浮动来布局。.弹性盒子是 CSS3 的一种新的布局模式,更适合响应式的设计。
1. 基础弹性盒子
1.使用 d-flex 类创建一个弹性盒子容器,并设置三个弹性子元素
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<div class="d-flex p-3 bg-secondary text-white">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
2. 创建显示在同一行上的弹性盒子容器可以使用 d-inline-flex 类。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<div class="d-inline-flex p-3 bg-secondary text-white">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
2. 水平方向(.flex-row / .flex-row -reverse)
.flex-row 可以设置弹性子元素水平显示,这是默认的。使用 .flex-row-reverse 类用于设置右对齐显示,即与 .flex-row 方向相反。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<div class="d-flex flex-row bg-secondary">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="d-flex flex-row-reverse bg-secondary">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
3. 垂直方向(.flex-column / .flex-column-reverse)
.flex-column 类用于设置弹性子元素垂直方向显示, .flex-column-reverse 用于翻转子元素。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title></title>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<div class="d-flex flex-column mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="d-flex flex-column-reverse mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
4. 内容排列(.justify-content-* )
.justify-content-* 类用于修改弹性子元素的排列方式,* 号允许的值有:start (默认), end, center, between 或 around。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<div class="d-flex justify-content-start bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-end bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-center bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-between bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex justify-content-around bg-secondary mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
5. 等宽(.flex-fill )
.flex-fill 类强制设置各个弹性子元素的宽度是一样的。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="d-flex mb-3">
<div class="p-2 flex-fill bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 flex-fill bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 flex-fill bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
6. 扩展(.flex-grow-1 )
.flex-grow-1 用于设置子元素使用剩下的空间。以下实例中前面两个子元素只设置了它们所需要的空间,最后一个获取剩余空间。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="d-flex mb-3">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 flex-grow-1 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
提示: 使用 .flex-shrink-1 用于设置子元素的收缩规则。
7. 排序(.order-1 到12)
.order 类可以设置弹性子元素的排序,从 .order-1 到 .order-12,数字越低权重越高。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="d-flex mb-3">
<div class="p-2 order-3 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 order-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 order-1 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
8. 外边距(.mr-auto / .ml-auto)
.mr-auto 类可以设置子元素右外边距为 auto,.ml-auto 类可以设置子元素左外边距为 auto。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="d-flex mb-3 bg-secondary">
<div class="p-2 mr-auto bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<div class="d-flex mb-3 bg-secondary">
<div class="p-2 bg-info">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 bg-warning">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 ml-auto bg-primary">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
9. 包裹(.flex-nowrap (默认) / .flex-wrap / .flex-wrap-reverse)
弹性容器中包裹子元素可以使用以下三个类: .flex-nowrap (默认), .flex-wrap 或 .flex-wrap-reverse。设置 flex 容器是单行或者多行。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<p><code>.flex-wrap:</code></p>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap bg-light">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
<p><code>.flex-wrap-reverse:</code></p>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap-reverse bg-light">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
<p><code>.flex-nowrap:</code></p>
<div class="d-flex flex-nowrap bg-light">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
10. 内容对齐(.align-content-*)
我们可以使用 .align-content-* 来控制在垂直方向上如何去堆叠子元素,包含的值有:.align-content-start (默认), .align-content-end, .align-content-center, .align-content-between, .align-content-around 和 .align-content-stretch。
这些类在只有一行的弹性子元素中是无效的。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<p>.align-content-start (默认):</p>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap align-content-start bg-light" style="height:300px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-content-end:</p>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap align-content-end bg-light" style="height:300px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-content-center:</p>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap align-content-center bg-light" style="height:300px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-content-around:</p>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap align-content-around bg-light" style="height:300px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-content-stretch:</p>
<div class="d-flex flex-wrap align-content-stretch bg-light" style="height:300px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 4</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 5</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 6</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 7</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 8</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 9</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 10</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 11</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 12</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 13 </div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 14</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 15</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 16</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 17</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 18</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 19</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 20</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 21</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 22</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 23</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 24</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 25</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
11. 子元素对齐(.align-items-* )
如果要设置单行的子元素对齐可以使用 .align-items-* 类来控制,包含的值有:.align-items-start, .align-items-end, .align-items-center, .align-items-baseline, 和 .align-items-stretch (默认)。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<p>.align-items-start:</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-start bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-items-end:</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-end bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-items-center:</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-center bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-items-baseline:</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-baseline bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-items-stretch (默认):</p>
<div class="d-flex align-items-stretch bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
12. 指定子元素对齐(.align-self-* )
如果要设置指定子元素对齐对齐可以使用 .align-self-* 类来控制,包含的值有:.align-self-start, .align-self-end, .align-self-center, .align-self-baseline, 和 .align-self-stretch (默认)。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<p>.align-self-start:</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-start">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-self-end:</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-end">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-self-center:</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-center">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-self-baseline:</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-baseline">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
<p>.align-self-stretch (默认):</p>
<div class="d-flex bg-light" style="height:150px">
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 1</div>
<div class="p-2 border align-self-stretch">Flex item 2</div>
<div class="p-2 border">Flex item 3</div>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
13. 响应式 flex 类
我们可以根据不同的设备,设置 flex 类,从而实现页面响应式布局,以下表格中的 * 号可以的值有:sm, md, lg 或 xl, 对应的是小型设备、中型设备,大型设备,超大型设备。
多媒体对象
Bootstrap 提供了很好的方式来处理多媒体对象(图片或视频)和内容的布局。应用场景有博客评论、微博等:
1. 基础多媒体对象
要创建一个多媒体对象,可以在容器元素上添加 .media 类,然后将多媒体内容放到子容器上,子容器需要添加 .media-body 类,然后添加外边距,内边距等效果。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<div class="media border p-3">
<img src="img/1.jpg" alt="aiQiYi" class="mr-3 rounded-circle" style="width:60px;">
<div class="media-body">
<h4>爱奇艺</h4>
<p>悦享品质</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
2. 多媒体对象嵌套
多媒体对象可以多个嵌套(一个多媒体对象中包含另外一个多媒体对象)。要嵌套多媒体对象,可以把新的 .media 容器放到 .media-body 容器中。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<div class="media border p-3">
<img src="img/1.jpg" alt="aiQiYi" class="mr-3 rounded-circle" style="width:60px;">
<div class="media-body">
<h4>爱奇艺</h4>
<p>悦享品质</p>
<div class="media p-3">
<img src="img/1.jpg" alt="aiQiYi" class="mr-3 rounded-circle" style="width:60px;">
<div class="media-body">
<h4>爱奇艺</h4>
<p>悦享品质</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
3. 多媒体对象图片显示在右边
如果你想将头像图片显示在右侧,可以在 .media-body 容器后添加图片。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<div class="media border p-3">
<div class="media-body">
<h4>爱奇艺</h4>
<p>悦享品质</p>
</div>
<img src="img/1.jpg" alt="aiQiYi" class="mr-3 rounded-circle" style="width:60px;">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果:
4. 定位多媒体图片位置
我们可以使用 align-self-* 相关类来设置多媒体对象的图片显示位置。
代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css" />
<script src="js/jquery.slim.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/popper.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.min.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container mt-3">
<!-- 头部 -->
<div class="media">
<img src="img/1.jpg" class="align-self-start mr-3" style="width:60px">
<div class="media-body">
<h4>头部 -- 爱奇艺</h4>
<p>悦享品质</p>
<p>悦享品质</p>
<p>悦享品质</p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 居中 -->
<div class="media mt-3">
<img src="img/1.jpg" class="align-self-center mr-3" style="width:60px">
<div class="media-body">
<h4>居中 -- 爱奇艺</h4>
<p>悦享品质</p>
<p>悦享品质</p>
<p>悦享品质</p>
</div>
</div>
<!-- 底部 -->
<div class="media mt-3">
<img src="img/1.jpg" class="align-self-end mr-3" style="width:60px">
<div class="media-body">
<h4>底部 -- 爱奇艺</h4>
<p>悦享品质</p>
<p>悦享品质</p>
<p>悦享品质</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
运行结果: