租赁 Rowan

On 1 January 2018 Rowan plc ("Rowan") entered into a lease agreement to rent an item of machinery for a 5 year period. At the end of the lease period the item of machinery would be returned to the lessor and scrapped.

The initial measurement of the lease liability is £139,635 based on 4 annual lease payments of £45,000 paid annually in arrears on 31 December and discounted at the interest rate implicit in the lease of 11%. In addition Rowan was required to make an advance payment of £45,365 on 1 January 2018 at the inception of the lease.

It was a requirement of the lessor that the lease period be 5 years, but Rowan intends to use the machinery to manufacture products for a 4 year period. Rowan has the right to determine the use of the machinery over the lease term.

Required:

Explain how the above lease would be accounted for in Rowan's financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2018. You should include calculations to show the impact upon the Statement of Profit & Loss and the Statement of Financial Position.

chatgpt回答:

我们需要按照IFRS 16租赁会计准则来处理Rowan plc在2018年12月31日截止的财务报表中的租赁合同。以下是一步一步的解答:

  1. 初始租赁负债的计量(Initial Measurement of Lease Liability): 初始租赁负债是基于租赁期内的租金支付计算的。根据问题中的信息,每年的租金支付是£45,000,年度支付一次,并且在年末(12月31日)支付,所以需要将这些租金支付的现值计算出来。租赁的内含利率是11%。此外,还有一笔£45,365的预付款项需要考虑。

  2. 计算初始租赁负债:

  3. £45,000 × 4 × (1 - 1 / (1 + 0.11)^4) = £133,146.24 £45,365 (预付款项)

    所以,初始租赁负债总额为£133,146.24 + £45,365 = £178,511.24

  4. 初始租赁资产的计量(Initial Recognition of Lease Asset): 初始租赁资产等于初始租赁负债的金额,因此为£178,511.24。

  5. 利润和损失表(Statement of Profit & Loss)的影响: 在利润和损失表上,租赁会计将有两个主要的影响:

    • 租赁成本(Lease Expense):根据租赁合同,每年需要支付£45,000的租金。因此,在2018年,租赁成本为£45,000。
    • 利息费用(Interest Expense):利息费用是基于租赁负债的内含利率11%计算的。在2018年,利息费用为£133,146.24 × 0.11 = £14,645.09。

    因此,Rowan在2018年的利润和损失表上将有£45,000的租赁成本和£14,645.09的利息费用。

  6. 财务状况表(Statement of Financial Position)的影响:

    • 租赁负债(Lease Liability):£178,511.24将出现在负债部分。
    • 租赁资产(Lease Asset):£178,511.24将出现在资产部分。

    这两项会同时增加公司的总资产和总负债,从而不会影响公司的净资产。

总结一下,在Rowan plc的2018年财务报表中,这个租赁合同将导致租赁负债和租赁资产的出现,对利润和损失表将会有租赁成本和利息费用的影响,对财务状况表将会有总资产和总负债的增加。净资产将不会受到直接影响。需要注意的是,这些影响会在租赁期内逐年减少,因为租金支付会减少租赁负债。

题目中文:

在2018年1月1日,Rowan plc(以下简称"Rowan")签订了一份租赁协议,租用一台机械设备,租期为5年。在租赁期结束时,该机械设备将归还给出租方并报废

根据租赁协议,初始的租赁负债为139,635英镑,基于11%的租赁内含利率,以每年一次、在12月31日付款的方式分4年支付。此外,Rowan需要在2018年1月1日租赁合同生效时提前支付45,365英镑。

租赁方要求租赁期为5年,但Rowan计划在租赁期内使用该机械设备制造产品的时间为4年。Rowan有权在租赁期内确定机械设备的使用方式。

问题要求:

解释在截至2018年12月31日的Rowan财务报表中,如何处理上述租赁合同。您应该包括计算以显示对损益表财务状况表的影响。

老师版详细计算:

Rowan
Lease Liability:
Year Start Finance cost Repayment End
at 11%
1 139635 15360 -45000 109995
2 109995 12099 -45000 77094
3 77094 8480 -45000 40574
4 40574 4426 -45000 0
Right of Use Asset:
Initial recognition at 1-1-18 (139635 + 45365) 185000
Depreciation (over 4 years) -46250(平均四年贬值)
NBV at 31-12-18 138750
STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS
Depreciation 46250
Finance costs 15360
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
Plant and Machinery 138750
Lease Liability 109995

以下是对上述表格中每一项的解释:

Lease Liability(租赁负债):

  • 第1年:开始时,租赁负债为139,635英镑。根据租赁内含利率11%,计算的财务费用为15,360英镑(139,635英镑 × 11%),而租金支付为45,000英镑。因此,第1年末的租赁负债为109,995英镑(139,635英镑 + 15,360英镑 - 45,000英镑)。
  • 109995 - (109995 *11%)- 45000 = 
  • 第2年:开始时,租赁负债为109,995英镑。同样,根据租赁内含利率11%,计算的财务费用为12,099英镑,租金支付为45,000英镑。因此,第2年末的租赁负债为77,094英镑(109,995英镑 +12,099英镑 - 45,000英镑)。
  • 第3年:开始时,租赁负债为77,094英镑。根据租赁内含利率11%,计算的财务费用为8,480英镑,租金支付为45,000英镑。因此,第3年末的租赁负债为40,574英镑(77,094英镑 - 8,480英镑 - 45,000英镑)。
  • 第4年:开始时,租赁负债为40,574英镑。根据租赁内含利率11%,计算的财务费用为4,426英镑,租金支付为45,000英镑。因此,第4年末的租赁负债将归零(40,574英镑 - 4,426英镑 - 45,000英镑 = 0)。

Right of Use Asset(租赁资产):

  • 初始时,租赁资产的金额为139,635英镑(租赁负债)+ 45,365英镑(预付款项)= 185,000英镑。
  • 每年,租赁资产按照4年的折旧期限进行折旧每年折旧46,250英镑
  • 因此,截至2018年12月31日,租赁资产的净账面价值(NBV)为138,750英镑(185,000英镑 - 46,250英镑)。

STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS(损益表):

  • 在损益表上,租赁合同的影响包括折旧和财务费用。
  • 折旧是根据租赁资产的净账面价值(NBV)计算的,2018年为46,250英镑。
  • 财务费用是根据每年的租赁负债的内含利率计算的,2018年为15,360英镑。

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION(财务状况表):

  • 在财务状况表上,租赁合同的影响包括租赁资产和租赁负债
  • 租赁资产为138,750英镑,反映了公司的权益。
  • 租赁负债为109,995英镑,反映了公司的负债。

总结一下,这些计算和表格反映了Rowan plc在2018年财务报表中租赁合同的会计处理方式。租赁资产和租赁负债的金额逐年变化,同时影响损益表和财务状况表。折旧和财务费用是租赁合同的相关费用。

英文解释:

Certainly, let's break down the information in the table step by step:

Lease Liability:

  • Year: This column represents the different years during the lease term.
  • Start: This is the beginning balance of the Lease Liability at the start of each year.
  • Finance cost at 11%: This column shows the finance cost for each year calculated using the implicit interest rate of 11% on the Lease Liability.
  • Repayment: The Repayment column represents the annual lease payment made by Rowan.
  • End: This is the ending balance of the Lease Liability at the end of each year.

Now, let's break down each year:

  • Year 1: Rowan starts the lease with a Lease Liability of £139,635. During the year, they incur a finance cost of £15,360 based on the 11% interest rate. They also make a repayment of £45,000. So, at the end of Year 1, the Lease Liability decreases to £109,995 (£139,635 - £15,360 - £45,000).

  • Year 2: The starting balance for Year 2 is the ending balance of Year 1, which is £109,995. The finance cost for this year is £12,099, and another £45,000 is repaid. The Lease Liability at the end of Year 2 is £77,094 (£109,995 - £12,099 - £45,000).

  • Year 3: Starting with a Lease Liability of £77,094, the finance cost is £8,480, and Rowan repays another £45,000. So, at the end of Year 3, the Lease Liability is reduced to £40,574 (£77,094 - £8,480 - £45,000).

  • Year 4: Year 4 begins with a Lease Liability of £40,574. The finance cost for this year is £4,426, and Rowan repays the remaining balance of £45,000. At the end of Year 4, the Lease Liability becomes zero (£40,574 - £4,426 - £45,000 = 0).

Right of Use Asset:

  • Initial recognition at 1-1-18: This represents the initial recognition of the Right of Use Asset at the beginning of the lease term, which is £185,000. It consists of the initial Lease Liability (£139,635) and an additional payment of £45,365 made on January 1, 2018.
  • Depreciation (over 4 years): This column shows the annual depreciation expense for the Right of Use Asset over its useful life. Each year, £46,250 is deducted from the initial recognition value.
  • NBV at 31-12-18: NBV stands for Net Book Value, which is the carrying amount of the Right of Use Asset at the end of the year. It is calculated as the initial recognition value minus the accumulated depreciation. In this case, it's £138,750.

STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS:

  • Depreciation: This represents the annual depreciation expense of £46,250, which is recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit or Loss.
  • Finance costs: The finance costs of £15,360 are also recognized as an expense in the Statement of Profit or Loss.

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION:

  • Plant and Machinery: This item on the Statement of Financial Position represents the carrying amount of the Right of Use Asset, which is £138,750.
  • Lease Liability: The Lease Liability of £109,995 is presented as a liability on the Statement of Financial Position.

These statements and calculations reflect how Rowan accounts for the lease agreement in their financial statements, showing the impact on their profit and loss statement and their financial position. The depreciation and finance costs are important components in recognizing the financial effects of the lease.

内含利率11%是从哪来的

ChatGPT

ChatGPT

内含利率(Implicit Interest Rate)通常是指在租赁合同中明确定义的利率,该利率使得租赁负债的现值等于租赁付款的现值。在这个问题中,内含利率是11%,这是问题中提供的信息。通常情况下,内含利率可以在租赁合同中明确说明,也可以通过对租赁合同的相关信息进行计算来确定。在这个问题中,内含利率是已知的,所以直接使用了这个11%的利率进行计算。

详细解释内含利率的计算 和含义

ChatGPT

ChatGPT

内含利率是租赁合同中的一个关键概念,它表示使租赁负债的现值等于租赁付款现值的年利率。通常情况下,内含利率并不直接在租赁合同中给出,而是需要通过计算来确定。以下是计算内含利率的详细步骤:

假设有一个租赁合同,合同的租金支付为每年一次,租金金额为P,租赁期为n年。我们知道租赁负债的现值(Present Value of Lease Liability)是L,租金支付的现值(Present Value of Lease Payments)是PV。

步骤1:首先,我们需要计算租金支付的现值PV。这可以使用以下的现值计算公式来完成:

��=�(1+�)1+�(1+�)2+…+�(1+�)�PV=(1+r)1P​+(1+r)2P​+…+(1+r)nP​ 其中,r是我们要计算的内含利率。

步骤2:然后,我们可以使用PV来计算租赁负债的现值L。租赁负债的现值是租金支付现值的总和,即: �=��L=PV

步骤3:现在,我们需要找到一个合适的内含利率r,使得租赁负债的现值L等于租金支付的现值PV。为了找到这个r,通常需要使用试错法或数值计算方法,因为这个计算是反向的,需要找到一个r,使得等式成立。

在实际会计应用中,通常使用电子表格软件或专业的租赁会计工具来计算内含利率,因为这可能会涉及到复杂的数值计算。一旦找到了正确的内含利率,就可以用它来计算和报告租赁合同的相关财务信息。

总之,内含利率是一种用于确定租赁合同中财务信息的重要工具,它表示使租赁负债的现值等于租金支付的现值的年利率。计算内含利率需要通过现值计算公式试错法来完成。

租赁负债是什么意思

ChatGPT

ChatGPT

租赁负债(Lease Liability)是指根据国际财务报告准则(IFRS 16)和其他会计准则,在租赁合同下形成的一种财务义务或债务。当一家公司签订租赁合同租赁资产(如设备、房地产等)时,公司需要承担在租赁期内支付租金的责任。这个责任的现值(通常使用内含利率计算)就构成了租赁负债。

租赁负债反映了公司对租赁合同的财务承诺,即将来必须支付的租金总额。随着时间的推移,租赁负债通常会减少,因为公司会根据合同条款逐年支付租金。在财务报表上,租赁负债出现在负债部分,同时租赁资产(Right of Use Asset)也出现在资产部分,这反映了公司的租赁活动对财务状况的影响。

租赁负债的计算通常涉及到内含利率,该利率是使租赁负债现值等于租金支付现值的年利率。根据会计准则,公司需要在财务报表中披露租赁负债和相关的租赁资产,以准确反映其租赁活动对财务状况和利润的影响。这个做法是为了更准确地反映公司的负债和财务义务,以提供透明度和可比性。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/qq_39970492/article/details/134844819