mostly from Simon’s methods and techniques
remember
- the task is describe what you see, not give an opinion. Just write a report.
- no conclusion, just a summary(the overview)
Question type
小作文的题目类型大致如上
Simon所述,在描述数字的时候:1. describe;2. 对数组进行compare;3. 描述changes/trends
Line Graph
Simon的意思大致是:不要用一段去单独描述某一条line,要确保描述compare
make 2 comparison
first
Simon也提到:but you could put summary paragraph at the end or after the introduction of paragraph 2
second
for example
4paragraphs
例题如上
introduction
上面的一段话是普通版本的
下面是Simon修改过的:1. 强调compare;2. 带上了一点文采(different sources & over a period of 32 years)
overview
2句话:一句话描述最高(表现最好)的线,另一句话描述最低(表现最差)的线。但是需要尽量阐释其代表的含义在这里是:最高的线代表是生产电力最多的方法、而最低的则是生产电力最少的方法
paragraph 3
值得注意的:第3段提到了1980、Just one year later(时间)并对4条line都进行了描述negligible可忽略的
更概括地说,提出一个点(可能是x=0 or 某一个点line A 与 line B 相交),接着描述4条线在这些点的情况
一些tips:
简单来说:就算不能从图表中获取信息并直接写下来,获取完之后,需要思考(或者添加一些修饰)
paragraph 4
saw only a small rise
这段关注: p e a k peak peak(某 l i n e line line达到最高点dramatically increase
)、 l o w p o i n t low\ point low point(by contrast
)。出发点相较于 p a r a g r a p h 4 paragraph\ 4 paragraph 4(以时间出发),这部分以 e v e r y l i n e every\ line every line出发,并着重 p e a k peak peak、 l o w p o i n t low\ point low point、 s t a b l e stable stable、 r e m a i n remain remain……的状态描述
no conclusion
bar charts
例题如下:
写作思路类似 l i n e g r a p h line\ graph line graph :1. i n t r o d u c t i o n introduction introduction,2. o v e r v i e w overview overview,3. d e t a i l s details details,4. d e t a i l s details details
first paragraph
同样:1. 强调 c o m p a r e compare compare 2. g l o b a l s a l e s global\ sales global sales—— s o l d w o r l d w i d e sold\ worldwide sold worldwide 3. t o p f i v e top\ five top five—— f i v e m o s t p o p u l a r five\ most\ popular five most popular
second paragraph
找到:1. h i g h e s t highest highest最高(多)的点;2. 找到上升(下降)趋势
third paragraph
标记颜色的短语是需要注意的高级用法
tips:1. 点明数字(450 m i l l i o n million million)2. 作比较( N o k i a Nokia Nokia高的时候和 S a m s u n g Samsung Samsung作比较 d o u b l e double double, N o k i a Nokia Nokia低的时候和 S a m s u n g Samsung Samsung作比较)3. 体现出时间变化( c h a n g e s o v e r t i m e changes\ over\ time changes over time)
four paragraph
pie charts
例题如下:
first paragraph
开头都是: t h e p i e ( b a r … … ) c h a r t s c o m p a r e the\ pie(bar……)\ charts\ compare the pie(bar……) charts compare
表达时间的部分: i n t h e y e a r s x x x in\ the\ years\ xxx in the years xxx, o v e r a p e r i o d t i m e o f x x x y e a r s over\ a\ period\ time\ of\ xxx\ years over a period time of xxx years
second paragraph
2个观点:1. 谈及 s i m i l a r i t y similarity similarity 2. 谈及 d i f f e r e n c e difference difference
n o n u m b e r s no\ numbers no numbers
third paragraph
S i m o n Simon Simon 提到了使用 o v e r v i e w overview overview 中的2个观点来写3,4段(但同时他也说不适合所有的题目)
这里他用到了 o v e r v i e w overview overview 中的 s i m i l a r i t y similarity similarity 的观点来写
four paragraph
首先谈到了 d i f f e r e n c e difference difference。最后,简要提到剩下几个点的情况(所有应该是要所有的点都涉及到,不能丢掉哪一个)
tips
vocabulary
tables
例题如下:
first paragraph
second paragraph
third paragraph
谈到时间: 2012 & 2013 2012\&2013 2012&2013,5个国家也不能少
讲出具体数字并作比较( w h i l e while while)
讲 c h a n g e s o v e r t i m e changes\ over\ time changes over time
但是只讲了一个点: n u m b e r o f t o u r i s t s number\ of\ tourists number of tourists
fourth paragraph
呈倍数关系(或者最高的远高于其他的)的时候,顺便提一嘴
注意一些有意思的数据(类似 c h i n a r e v e n u e r i s e t h o u g h i t s n u m b e r s o f t o u r i s t s f a l l i n g china\ revenue\ rise\ though\ its\ numbers\ of\ tourists\ falling china revenue rise though its numbers of tourists falling)
tips
注意:其实没有提到全部数字( S i m o n Simon Simon在此文中只提到了一半的数字)
vocabulary
Comparing two different charts
例题如下
introduction
要描述2张图的情况
尽量和原来不要有相同的词汇
overview
注意要: n o n u m b e r no\ number no number
third paragraph
前置: b a r c h a r t bar\ chart bar chart,要把2个表分开来讨论
仍然:提到所有的属性( d r a m a drama drama, p a i n t i n g painting painting, l a n g u a g e language language, s c u l p t u r e sculpture sculpture)
具体数字: 40 f e m a l e a n d 20 m a l e s t u d e n t s 40\ female\ and\ 20\ male\ students 40 female and 20 male students
总共8个数字,段落中只提到5个(不用提及所有数字)
fourth paragraph
开头提到: p i e c h a r t pie\ chart pie chart
vocabulary
process diagram
第2点( p a s s i v e v e r b passive\ verb passive verb被动句式): t h e g l a s s e s i s p a s s e d t h r o u g h a g r i n d i n g m a c h i n e the\ glasses\ is\ passed\ through\ a\ grinding\ machine the glasses is passed through a grinding machine
例题如下:
introduction
没有 c o m p a r e compare compare
overview
detail
注意: p a s s i v e v e r b a n d s t e p s ′ l a n g u a g e passive\ verb\ and\ steps'\ language passive verb and steps′ language
这里的步骤词( s t e p ′ s l a n g u a g e step's\ language step′s language)并没有全部直接地放在句首,像 t h e n 和 e n d then\ 和\ end then 和 end 是穿插在句子当中的
detail
comparison diagram(map)
例题如下:
introduction
overview
1件变化,1件不变
detail
描述消失的部分
detail
描述新添加的部分