一:Zuul介绍
Zuul是Netflix开源的微服务网关,他可以和Eureka,Ribbon,Hystrix等组件配合使用。Zuul组件的核心是一系列的过滤器,这些过滤器可以完成以下功能:
# 身份认证和安全: 识别每一个资源的验证要求,并拒绝那些不符的请求
# 审查与监控:
# 动态路由:动态将请求路由到不同后端集群
# 压力测试:逐渐增加指向集群的流量,以了解性能
# 负载分配:为每一种负载类型分配对应容量,并弃用超出限定值的请求
# 静态响应处理:边缘位置进行响应,避免转发到内部集群
# 多区域弹性:跨域AWS Region进行请求路由,旨在实现ELB(ElasticLoad Balancing)使用多样化
二:创建Zuul模块
我们基于上一篇的工程,在RediaMallCloud中新增一个模块Mall_ZuulCenter,新增的步骤请参考《Sping Boot多模块项目的创建和配置》。其中要注意的是我们在建立新模块其中一个勾选zuul网关依赖。
新建完成之后,我们得修改父工程的pom和子工程的pom文件
父工程里面的module变成了四个
<!--在父pom文件当中添加模块的名称,子模块pom中<name>标签当中的值--> <modules> <module>Mall_EurekaCenter</module> <module>Mall_ManagerService</module> <module>Mall_WechatService</module> <module>Mall_ZuulCenter</module> </modules>
zuul新模块的pom文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.smartisan</groupId> <artifactId>mallzuulcenter</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>Mall_ZuulCenter</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <!-- 把原有的parent的信息注释掉,继承我们的父工程--> <parent> <!--<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/>--> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> <groupId>com.smartisan</groupId> <artifactId>RediaMallCloud</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- JSON Configuration --> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.6</version> </dependency> <!--标签友好化--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>net.sourceforge.nekohtml</groupId> <artifactId>nekohtml</artifactId> <version>1.9.22</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>、
配置:application.yml文件
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://admin:password@localhost:8761/eureka/ spring: application: name: zuul_center cloud: loadbalancer: retry: enabled: true thymeleaf: mode: LEGACYHTML5 cache: false http: encoding: charset: UTF-8 force: true enabled: true server: port: 8050 tomcat: uri-encoding: UTF-8 zuul: # max: # host: # connections: 500 host: socket-timeout-millis: 180000 connect-timeout-millis: 180000 routes: mall-wechatservice: path: /wechat/** sensitiveHeaders: mall-managerservice: path: /manager/** sensitiveHeaders: hystrix: command: default: execution: isolation: thread: timeoutInMilliseconds: 180000 ribbon: ConnectTimeout: 60000 ReadTimeout: 60000 MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 0 MaxAutoRetries: 1
在zuul主类上加上注解:@EnableZuulProxy,开启zuul的功能。@EnableEurekaClient注解向注册中心注册。
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient @EnableZuulProxy public class MallZuulCenterApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MallZuulCenterApplication.class, args); } }
我们分别在mall-wechatservice和mall-managerservice编写两个接口对外提供服务。
mall-managerservice:
@Controller public class ManagerController { private final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Value("${server.port}") String port; //get请求 @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/helloA") public String sayHelloA(){ Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("name","king james"); map.put("age",33); map.put("team","Cleveland Cavaliers"); map.put("port",port); logger.info(JSON.toJSONString(map)); return JSON.toJSONString(map); } }
@Controller public class WechatController { private final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Value("${server.port}") String port; //get请求 @ResponseBody @RequestMapping("/helloA") public String sayHelloA(){ Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>(); map.put("name","kobe"); map.put("age",36); map.put("team","Los Lakers"); map.put("port",port); logger.info(JSON.toJSONString(map)); return JSON.toJSONString(map); } }
现在整个工程目录如下:
启动顺序:先启动Mall_EurekaCenter,再启动Mall_ZuulCenter,然后再启动Mall_ManagerService/Mall_WechatService
分别请求http://localhost:8050/manager/helloA和http://localhost:8050/wechat/helloA,页面显示如下:
说明Zuul服务网关已经能够正确的路由到我们的微服务上面去了。
三:zuul服务过滤
编写服务过滤器
@Component public class MyZuulFilter extends ZuulFilter { private final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); /** * 前置过滤器。 * 但是在 zuul 中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型: * 1、pre:可以在请求被路由之前调用; * 2、route:在路由请求时候被调用; * 3、post:在route和error过滤器之后被调用; * 4、error:处理请求时发生错误时被调用; */ @Override public String filterType() { return "pre"; } /** * 过滤的优先级,数字越大,优先级越低。 */ @Override public int filterOrder() { return 0; } /** * 是否执行该过滤器。 * true:说明需要过滤; * false:说明不要过滤; */ @Override public boolean shouldFilter() { return true; } /** * 过滤器的具体逻辑。 */ @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException { RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext(); HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest(); logger.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString())); Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token"); if(accessToken == null) { logger.warn("token is empty"); ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false); ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401); try { ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty"); }catch (Exception e){} return null; } logger.info("ok"); return null; } }
再次访问http://localhost:8050/manager/helloA,页面显示如下:已经能够正确的过滤信息了。