一、更新系统
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo rpi-update
#重启系统
sudo reboot
二、安装依赖库及程序
sudo apt-get -y install build-essential git cmake pkg-config
sudo apt-get -y install libjpeg8-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libtiff5-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libjasper-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libpng12-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libv4l-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libgtk2.0-dev
sudo apt-get -y install libatlas-base-dev gfortran
sudo apt-get -y install libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev
三、安装更新PYTHON及运行环境
sudo apt-get -y install python2.7-dev python3-dev
sudo pip install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
sudo rm -rf ~/.cache/pip
vim ~/.profile #将以下内容更新到文件末尾
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
:wq
#保存退出
#重新加载.profile
source ~/.profile
#创建PYTHON虚拟环境
mkvirtualenv cv
#进入虚拟后,在此环境下安装numpy
workon cv
pip install numpy
四、下载、编译安装opencv
#在opencv官网下载最新版源码(成文时最新版为3.3,但编译时有问题,可以下载低一些的稳定版)
#要确保opencv和opencv_contrib版本一致,否则会导致编译失败。
wget -o opencv.zip https://github.com/opencv/opencv/archive/3.3.0.zip
unzip opencv.zip
wget -o opencv_contrib.zip https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_contrib/archive/master.zip
unzip opencv_contrib.zip
#预编译
cd ~/opencv
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE \
-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
-D INSTALL_PYTHON_EXAMPLES=ON \
-D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=~/opencv_contrib-master/modules \
-D BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
#编译opencv,在树莓派3中建议加上-j4参数,这样编译速度能快一点。
make -j4
#编译完后安装及配置
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
五、部署到PYTHON系统库
#python2.7
cd ~/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so cv2.so
#python 3.0
cd /usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/
sudo mv cv2.cpython-34m.so cv2.so
cd ~/.virtualenvs/cv/lib/python3.4/site-packages/
ln -s /usr/local/lib/python3.4/site-packages/cv2.so cv2.so