VIM
一 、Vim 简介
Vim 是Linux系统上的最著名的文本/代码编辑器,最大特色是完全使用键盘命令进行编辑,使用键盘流的各种组合进行操作,完全脱离了鼠标,提高工作效率。
二、Vim 使用
Photon@ct-srv02:~$ vim Android/frameworks/base/services/usb/java/com/android/server/usb/UsbDeviceManager.java
在Xshell或者Linux 命令行输入 vimtutor
后回车,会显示详尽的《VIM 使用教程》,部分如下:
Photon@ct-srv02:~$ vimtutor
===============================================================================
= 歡 迎 閱 讀 《 V I M 教 程 》 ── 版本 1.5 =
===============================================================================
vim 是一個具有很多命令的功能非常強大的編輯器。限于篇幅,在本教程當中
不就詳細介紹了。本教程的設計目標是講述一些必要的基本命令,而掌握好這
些命令,您就能夠很容易將vim當作一個通用的萬能編輯器來使用了。
完成本教程的內容大約需要25-30分鐘,取決于您訓練的時間。
每一節的命令操作將會更改本文。推薦您復制本文的一個副本,然後在副本上
進行訓練(如果您是通過"vimtutor"來啟動教程的,那麼本文就已經是副本了)。
切記一點︰本教程的設計思路是在使用中進行學習的。也就是說,您需要通過
執行命令來學習它們本身的正確用法。如果您只是閱讀而不操作,那麼您可能
會很快遺忘這些命令的!
好了,現在請確定您的Shift-Lock(大小寫鎖定鍵)還沒有按下,然後按鍵盤上
的字母鍵 j 足夠多的次數來移動光標,直到第一節的內容能夠完全充滿屏幕。
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
第一講第一節︰移動光標
※※ 要移動光標,請依照說明分別按下 h、j、k、l 鍵。 ※※
^
k 提示︰ h 的鍵位于左邊,每次按下就會向左移動。
< h l > l 的鍵位于右邊,每次按下就會向右移動。
j j 鍵看起來很象一支尖端方向朝下的箭頭。
v
三、配置自定义.vimrc文件
Photon@ct-srv02:~$ ls -al | grep .vim
drwxr-xr-x 2 tanhongguang tanhongguang 4096 5月 4 2017 .vim
-rw------- 1 tanhongguang tanhongguang 21364 4月 23 10:54 .viminfo
-rw-rw-r-- 1 tanhongguang tanhongguang 10468 4月 28 2017 .vimrc
将如下代码保存成.vimrc
文件,替换工作目录下默认的.vimrc
文件:
" maintainer:
" Amir Salihefendic
" http://amix.dk - [email protected]
"
" Version:
" 5.0 - 29/05/12 15:43:36
"
" Blog_post:
" http://amix.dk/blog/post/19691#The-ultimate-Vim-configuration-on-Github
"
" Awesome_version:
" Get this config, nice color schemes and lots of plugins!
"
" Install the awesome version from:
"
" https://github.com/amix/vimrc
"
" Syntax_highlighted:
" http://amix.dk/vim/vimrc.html
"
" Raw_version:
" http://amix.dk/vim/vimrc.txt
"
" Sections:
" -> General
" -> VIM user interface
" -> Colors and Fonts
" -> Files and backups
" -> Text, tab and indent related
" -> Visual mode related
" -> Moving around, tabs and buffers
" -> Status line
" -> Editing mappings
" -> vimgrep searching and cope displaying
" -> Spell checking
" -> Misc
" -> Helper functions
"
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => General
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Sets how many lines of history VIM has to remember
set history=500
" Enable filetype plugins
filetype plugin on
filetype indent on
" Set to auto read when a file is changed from the outside
set autoread
" With a map leader it's possible to do extra key combinations
" like <leader>w saves the current file
let mapleader = ","
let g:mapleader = ","
" Fast saving
nmap <leader>w :w!<cr>
" :W sudo saves the file
" (useful for handling the permission-denied error)
command W w !sudo tee % > /dev/null
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => VIM user interface
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Set 7 lines to the cursor - when moving vertically using j/k
set so=7
" Avoid garbled characters in Chinese language windows OS
let $LANG='en'
set langmenu=en
source $VIMRUNTIME/delmenu.vim
source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim
" Turn on the WiLd menu
set wildmenu
" Ignore compiled files
set wildignore=*.o,*~,*.pyc
if has("win16") || has("win32")
set wildignore+=.git\*,.hg\*,.svn\*
else
set wildignore+=*/.git/*,*/.hg/*,*/.svn/*,*/.DS_Store
endif
"Always show current position
set ruler
" Height of the command bar
set cmdheight=2
" A buffer becomes hidden when it is abandoned
set hid
" Configure backspace so it acts as it should act
set backspace=eol,start,indent
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l
" Ignore case when searching
set ignorecase
" When searching try to be smart about cases
set smartcase
" Highlight search results
set hlsearch
" Makes search act like search in modern browsers
set incsearch
" Don't redraw while executing macros (good performance config)
set lazyredraw
" For regular expressions turn magic on
set magic
" Show matching brackets when text indicator is over them
set showmatch
" How many tenths of a second to blink when matching brackets
set mat=2
" No annoying sound on errors
set noerrorbells
set novisualbell
set t_vb=
set tm=500
" Add a bit extra margin to the left
set foldcolumn=1
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Colors and Fonts
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Enable syntax highlighting
syntax enable
try
colorscheme desert
catch
endtry
set background=dark
" Set extra options when running in GUI mode
if has("gui_running")
set guioptions-=T
set guioptions-=e
set t_Co=256
set guitablabel=%M\ %t
endif
" Set utf8 as standard encoding and en_US as the standard language
set encoding=utf8
" Use Unix as the standard file type
set ffs=unix,dos,mac
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Files, backups and undo
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Turn backup off, since most stuff is in SVN, git et.c anyway...
set nobackup
set nowb
set noswapfile
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Text, tab and indent related
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Use spaces instead of tabs
set expandtab
" Be smart when using tabs ;)
set smarttab
" 1 tab == 4 spaces
set shiftwidth=4
set tabstop=4
" Linebreak on 500 characters
set lbr
set tw=500
set ai "Auto indent
set si "Smart indent
set wrap "Wrap lines
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Visual mode related
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Visual mode pressing * or # searches for the current selection
" Super useful! From an idea by Michael Naumann
vnoremap <silent> * :<C-u>call VisualSelection('', '')<CR>/<C-R>=@/<CR><CR>
vnoremap <silent> # :<C-u>call VisualSelection('', '')<CR>?<C-R>=@/<CR><CR>
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Moving around, tabs, windows and buffers
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Map <Space> to / (search) and Ctrl-<Space> to ? (backwards search)
map <space> /
map <c-space> ?
" Disable highlight when <leader><cr> is pressed
map <silent> <leader><cr> :noh<cr>
" Smart way to move between windows
map <C-j> <C-W>j
map <C-k> <C-W>k
map <C-h> <C-W>h
map <C-l> <C-W>l
" Close the current buffer
map <leader>bd :Bclose<cr>:tabclose<cr>gT
" Close all the buffers
map <leader>ba :bufdo bd<cr>
map <leader>l :bnext<cr>
map <leader>h :bprevious<cr>
" Useful mappings for managing tabs
map <leader>tn :tabnew<cr>
map <leader>to :tabonly<cr>
map <leader>tc :tabclose<cr>
map <leader>tm :tabmove
map <leader>t<leader> :tabnext
" Let 'tl' toggle between this and the last accessed tab
let g:lasttab = 1
nmap <Leader>tl :exe "tabn ".g:lasttab<CR>
au TabLeave * let g:lasttab = tabpagenr()
" Opens a new tab with the current buffer's path
" Super useful when editing files in the same directory
map <leader>te :tabedit <c-r>=expand("%:p:h")<cr>/
" Switch CWD to the directory of the open buffer
map <leader>cd :cd %:p:h<cr>:pwd<cr>
" Specify the behavior when switching between buffers
try
set switchbuf=useopen,usetab,newtab
set stal=2
catch
endtry
" Return to last edit position when opening files (You want this!)
au BufReadPost * if line("'\"") > 1 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | exe "normal! g'\"" | endif
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Status line
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Always show the status line
set laststatus=2
" Format the status line
set statusline=\ %{HasPaste()}%F%m%r%h\ %w\ \ CWD:\ %r%{getcwd()}%h\ \ \ Line:\ %l\ \ Column:\ %c
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Editing mappings
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Remap VIM 0 to first non-blank character
map 0 ^
" Move a line of text using ALT+[jk] or Command+[jk] on mac
nmap <M-j> mz:m+<cr>`z
nmap <M-k> mz:m-2<cr>`z
vmap <M-j> :m'>+<cr>`<my`>mzgv`yo`z
vmap <M-k> :m'<-2<cr>`>my`<mzgv`yo`z
if has("mac") || has("macunix")
nmap <D-j> <M-j>
nmap <D-k> <M-k>
vmap <D-j> <M-j>
vmap <D-k> <M-k>
endif
" Delete trailing white space on save, useful for Python and CoffeeScript ;)
func! DeleteTrailingWS()
exe "normal mz"
%s/\s\+$//ge
exe "normal `z"
endfunc
autocmd BufWrite *.py :call DeleteTrailingWS()
autocmd BufWrite *.coffee :call DeleteTrailingWS()
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Ag searching and cope displaying
" requires ag.vim - it's much better than vimgrep/grep
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" When you press gv you Ag after the selected text
vnoremap <silent> gv :call VisualSelection('gv', '')<CR>
" Open Ag and put the cursor in the right position
map <leader>g :Ag
" When you press <leader>r you can search and replace the selected text
vnoremap <silent> <leader>r :call VisualSelection('replace', '')<CR>
" Do :help cope if you are unsure what cope is. It's super useful!
"
" When you search with Ag, display your results in cope by doing:
" <leader>cc
"
" To go to the next search result do:
" <leader>n
"
" To go to the previous search results do:
" <leader>p
"
map <leader>cc :botright cope<cr>
map <leader>co ggVGy:tabnew<cr>:set syntax=qf<cr>pgg
map <leader>n :cn<cr>
map <leader>p :cp<cr>
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Spell checking
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Pressing ,ss will toggle and untoggle spell checking
map <leader>ss :setlocal spell!<cr>
" Shortcuts using <leader>
map <leader>sn ]s
map <leader>sp [s
map <leader>sa zg
map <leader>s? z=
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Misc
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Remove the Windows ^M - when the encodings gets messed up
noremap <Leader>m mmHmt:%s/<C-V><cr>//ge<cr>'tzt'm
" Quickly open a buffer for scribble
map <leader>q :e ~/buffer<cr>
" Quickly open a markdown buffer for scribble
map <leader>x :e ~/buffer.md<cr>
" Toggle paste mode on and off
map <leader>pp :setlocal paste!<cr>
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" => Helper functions
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
function! CmdLine(str)
exe "menu Foo.Bar :" . a:str
emenu Foo.Bar
unmenu Foo
endfunction
function! VisualSelection(direction, extra_filter) range
let l:saved_reg = @"
execute "normal! vgvy"
let l:pattern = escape(@", '\\/.*$^~[]')
let l:pattern = substitute(l:pattern, "\n$", "", "")
if a:direction == 'gv'
call CmdLine("Ag \"" . l:pattern . "\" " )
elseif a:direction == 'replace'
call CmdLine("%s" . '/'. l:pattern . '/')
endif
let @/ = l:pattern
let @" = l:saved_reg
endfunction
" Returns true if paste mode is enabled
function! HasPaste()
if &paste
return 'PASTE MODE '
endif
return ''
endfunction
" Don't close window, when deleting a buffer
command! Bclose call <SID>BufcloseCloseIt()
function! <SID>BufcloseCloseIt()
let l:currentBufNum = bufnr("%")
let l:alternateBufNum = bufnr("#")
if buflisted(l:alternateBufNum)
buffer #
else
bnext
endif
if bufnr("%") == l:currentBufNum
new
endif
if buflisted(l:currentBufNum)
execute("bdelete! ".l:currentBufNum)
endif
endfunction
" Make VIM remember position in file after reopen
" if has("autocmd")
" au BufReadPost * if lin
使用ACK进行代码搜索:
一、配置安装:
先将ack文件拷贝到服务器或者Linux 工作目录,建立bin文件夹,将ack文件拷贝到bin文件夹中
Photon@ct-srv02:~$ mkdir bin
Photon@ct-srv02:~$ cd bin/
Photon@ct-srv02:~/bin$ cp ../ack .
Photon@ct-srv02:~$ ls bin
ack
ack 文件下载:
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lQB301jO8_PWJogkvJ9Yzg 密码:wgy6
ACK常用使用:
使用实例:
Photon@ct-srv02:~/Android$ ack UsbDeviceManager frameworks/base/ -w --java
Photon@ct-srv02:~/Android$ ack usb_mtp_notification_title frameworks/base/ -w --xml
Photon@ct-srv02:~/Android$ ack usb frameworks/base/ -w --make
ack 查找的内容 查找的文件夹 过滤文件后缀—xm/--java/--make
-i 忽略大小写
-w 完全匹配