JDBC查询表主键名称

适用oracle,mysql

public static void getTablePk(Dbconfig dbconfig){
        Connection connection = getConnection(dbconfig);
        try {
            ResultSet rs = connection.getMetaData().getPrimaryKeys(connection.getCatalog().toUpperCase(),
                    connection.getMetaData().getUserName().toUpperCase(), dbconfig.getTableName().toUpperCase());
            while (rs.next()) {
                System.out.println(rs.getString("COLUMN_NAME"));
            }
        }catch (SQLException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            if (connection != null) {
                closeConnection(connection);
                connection = null;
            }
        }
    }

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Dbconfig dbconfig = new Dbconfig();
        dbconfig.setDburl("10.0.6.230");
        dbconfig.setUsername("root");
        dbconfig.setPassword("Uhope123");
        dbconfig.setDbtypeId("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        dbconfig.setConnectionName("text");
        dbconfig.setPort(3306);
        dbconfig.setDbname("uip");
        dbconfig.setTableName("sm_menu");
        getTablePk(dbconfig);
    }

public static Connection getConnection(Dbconfig dbConfig) {
        String usingPassword = "using password";
        String unknownDatabase = "Unknown database";
        String linkFailure = "link failure";
        try {
            Class.forName(dbConfig.getDbtypeId());
            String url = "jdbc:mysql://" + dbConfig.getDburl() + ":" + dbConfig.getPort() + "/" + dbConfig.getDbname() + "?connectTimeout=5000&socketTimeout=60000&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&useSSL=false";
            logger.info("正在连接[" + url + "]...");
            Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, dbConfig.getUsername(), dbConfig.getPassword());
            return connection;

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            logger.error("MYSQL" + "数据库连接失败[" + e.getMessage() + "]");
            //自定义异常
            throw new SqlErrorException("连接失败,请检查数据库驱动类型是否正确！");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            if (e.getMessage().contains(usingPassword)) {
                throw new SqlErrorException();
            }
            if (e.getMessage().contains(unknownDatabase)) {
                throw new SqlErrorException("找不到数据库名" + e.getMessage().substring((e.getMessage().indexOf("'")) + 1, e.getMessage().lastIndexOf("'")));
            }
            if (e.getMessage().contains(linkFailure)) {
                throw new SqlErrorException("数据库连接失败，请检查配置是否正确！");
            }
            logger.error("MYSQL" + "数据库连接失败[" + e.getMessage() + "]");
            return null;
        }
    }

public static void closeConnection(Connection connection) {
        try {
            connection.close();
            if (connection != null) {
                connection = null;
            }
            logger.info("数据库关闭连接");
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            logger.info("关闭出错[" + e.getMessage() + "]");
        }
    }

获取通过sql查询数据库的表，字段，主键，自增，字段类型等信息

1. 查询所有表，以及表的备注信息
Oracle数据库

select t.table_name tableName, cmts.comments descr   
from user_tables t  
left join user_tab_comments cmts on t.table_name = cmts.table_name  
where t.table_name like '%'  

SQL Server

Select d.Name tableName, isnull(e.value,'') descr   
From SysObjects d  
left join  sys.extended_properties  e on d.id = e.major_id   and   e.minor_id=0   
Where d.XType='U' and d.name like ? order By d.Name  

MySQL

SELECT table_name tableName, TABLE_COMMENT descr    
FROM information_schema.tables   
WHERE table_schema = ? and table_name like ? ORDER BY table_name DESC  

2.查询指定表的 字段名称，是否主键，是否自增，数据类型，字段注释信息。
Oracle

select c.column_name columnName, case when cu.column_name is null then 'false' else 'true' end as pkColumn,'false' as  autoAdd  
    , c.data_type jdbcType  , cmts.comments descr  
from user_tab_columns  c  
left join user_constraints au on c.table_name = au.table_name and au.constraint_type = 'P'  
left join user_cons_columns cu on cu.constraint_name = au.constraint_name and c.column_name = cu.column_name  
left join user_col_comments cmts on cmts.table_name = c.table_name and cmts.column_name = c.column_name   
where c.table_name = UPPER(?)  

SQL Server

SELECT t1.name columnName,case when  t4.id is null then 'false' else 'true' end as pkColumn,   
    case when  COLUMNPROPERTY( t1.id,t1.name,'IsIdentity') = 1 then 'true' else 'false' end as  autoAdd  
    ,t5.name jdbcType   
    ,isnull(t6.value,'') descr   
FROM SYSCOLUMNS t1  
left join SYSOBJECTS t2 on  t2.parent_obj = t1.id  AND t2.xtype = 'PK'   
left join SYSINDEXES t3 on  t3.id = t1.id  and t2.name = t3.name    
left join SYSINDEXKEYS t4 on t1.colid = t4.colid and t4.id = t1.id and t4.indid = t3.indid  
left join systypes  t5 on  t1.xtype=t5.xtype  
left join sys.extended_properties t6   on  t1.id=t6.major_id   and   t1.colid=t6.minor_id 

MySQL

SELECT a.column_Name AS columnName  ,CASE WHEN p.column_Name IS NULL THEN 'false' ELSE 'true' END  AS pkColumn  
    ,CASE WHEN a.extra = 'auto_increment' THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END  AS autoAdd,a.data_type jdbcType, column_COMMENT descr    
FROM information_schema.COLUMNS  a  
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS p ON a.table_schema = p.table_schema AND a.table_name = p.TABLE_NAME AND a.COLUMN_NAME = p.COLUMN_NAME AND p.constraint_name='PRIMARY'  
WHERE a.table_schema = ? AND a.table_name = ?   
ORDER BY a.ordinal_position  

单单获取ID这一栏的语句，多添加一个判断条件

SELECT a.column_Name AS columnName  ,CASE WHEN p.column_Name IS NULL THEN 'false' ELSE 'true' END  AS pkColumn  
    ,CASE WHEN a.extra = 'auto_increment' THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END  AS autoAdd,a.data_type jdbcType, column_COMMENT descr    
FROM information_schema.COLUMNS  a  
LEFT JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE AS p ON a.table_schema = p.table_schema AND a.table_name = p.TABLE_NAME AND a.COLUMN_NAME = p.COLUMN_NAME AND p.constraint_name='PRIMARY'  
WHERE a.table_schema = 'uip' AND a.table_name = 'md_administrative_region' AND P.COLUMN_NAME IS NULL = 'true'   
ORDER BY a.ordinal_position