一.日志框架
SpringBoot默认使用的的日志框架是slf4j + Logback
日志框架的统一
由于各个框架都有各自配套的日志框架,无法做到统一
为了统一日志框架为slf4j,可以进行以下操作:
- 1.去掉系统中的其他日志框架
- 2.使用中间包替换
- 3.导入slf4j的实现
二.日志的使用
public class Hello {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Hello.class);
logger.debug("Hello World");
}
}
日志的等级分为 ERROR WARN DEBUG INFO TRACE,级别从高到低
日志只会打印高于等于当前日志级别的日志
1.使用默认配置
SpringBoot默认配置好了日志框架
我们可以使用配置文件application.properties/application.yml来修改日志相关配置
# LOGGING
logging.config= # Location of the logging configuration file. For instance, `classpath:logback.xml` for Logback.
logging.exception-conversion-word=%wEx # Conversion word used when logging exceptions.
logging.file= # Log file name (for instance, `myapp.log`). Names can be an exact location or relative to the current directory.
logging.file.max-history=0 # Maximum of archive log files to keep. Only supported with the default logback setup.
logging.file.max-size=10MB # Maximum log file size. Only supported with the default logback setup.
logging.level.*= # Log levels severity mapping. For instance, `logging.level.org.springframework=DEBUG`.
logging.path= # Location of the log file. For instance, `/var/log`.
logging.pattern.console= # Appender pattern for output to the console. Supported only with the default Logback setup.
logging.pattern.dateformat=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS # Appender pattern for log date format. Supported only with the default Logback setup.
logging.pattern.file= # Appender pattern for output to a file. Supported only with the default Logback setup.
logging.pattern.level=%5p # Appender pattern for log level. Supported only with the default Logback setup.
logging.register-shutdown-hook=false # Register a shutdown hook for the logging system when it is initialized.
属性 | 解释 |
---|---|
logging.config= | 日志配置文件的位置。例如,classpath:logback.xml 。 |
logging.exception-conversion-word=%wEx | 转换异常时使用的转换字。 |
logging.file= | 设置保存日志的日志文件 |
logging.file.max-history=0 | are neat |
logging.file.max-size=10MB | 设置日志文件最大大小 |
logging.level.*= | 设置日志等级 |
logging.path= | 日志文件的位置,例如/var/log |
logging.pattern.console= | 定义打印的日志格式 |
logging.pattern.dateformat=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS | 设置日志日期格式 |
logging.pattern.file= | 定义输出到日志文件的日志格式 |
logging.register-shutdown-hook=false | 当初始化日志系统时,为其注册一个关闭钩子。 |
日志输出格式:
%d:表示日期时间
%thread:表示线程名
%‐5level:级别从左显示5个字符宽度
%logger{50}:表示logger名字最长50个字符,否则按照句点分割。
%msg:日志消息
%n:是换行符
%d{yyyy‐MM‐dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %‐5level %logger{50} ‐ %msg%n
例子:
设置application.properties的日志配置
# 设置日志等级
logging.level.com.fjut.*=trace
# 设置在控制台输出的日志的格式
logging.pattern.console=[%d{yyyy‐MM‐dd}]-[%level]-[%msg]-%logger{50}%n
# 指定文件中日志输出的格式
logging.pattern.file=%d{yyyy‐MM‐dd} === [%thread] === %level === %logger{50} ==== %msg%n
# 设置输出日志文件
logging.file=/my.log
测试:
//打印五个等级的日志
@Test
public void contextLoads() {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
logger.error("error ...");
logger.warn("warn ...");
logger.debug("debug ...");
logger.info("info ...");
logger.trace("trace ...");
}
结果:
2.使用指定配置
使用指定配置只需要在类路径下放入每个日志框架自己的配置文件即可
logback.xml与logback-spring.xml的区别
logback.xml会直接被日志框架识别使用
logback-spring.xml会先经过springboot解析处理,之后才会被日志框架使用,可以使用SpringBoot的高级Profile功能
Profile功能:
<springProfile name="staging">
<!‐‐ configuration to be enabled when the "staging" profile is active ‐‐>
可以指定某段配置只在某个环境下生效
</springProfile>
例子:
application.properties
# 指定环境为dev
spring.profiles.active=dev
logback-spring.xml(模板)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="http://www.padual.com/java/logback.xsd"
debug="false" scan="true" scanPeriod="30 second">
<property name="PROJECT" value="iorder" />
<property name="ROOT" value="logs/${PROJECT}/" />
<property name="FILESIZE" value="50MB" />
<property name="MAXHISTORY" value="100" />
<timestamp key="DATETIME" datePattern="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss" />
<!-- 控制台打印 -->
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<!--使用SpringBoot profile功能-->
<springProfile name="dev">
<encoder charset="utf-8">
<pattern>[%-5level] === %d{${DATETIME}} [%thread] %logger{36} - %m%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
</springProfile>
</appender>
<!-- ERROR 输入到文件,按日期和文件大小 -->
<appender name="ERROR" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<encoder charset="utf-8">
<pattern>[%-5level] %d{${DATETIME}} [%thread] %logger{36} - %m%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>ERROR</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>${ROOT}%d/error.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
<maxHistory>${MAXHISTORY}</maxHistory>
<timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
<maxFileSize>${FILESIZE}</maxFileSize>
</timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
</rollingPolicy>
</appender>
<!-- WARN 输入到文件,按日期和文件大小 -->
<appender name="WARN" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<encoder charset="utf-8">
<pattern>[%-5level] %d{${DATETIME}} [%thread] %logger{36} - %m%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>WARN</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>${ROOT}%d/warn.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
<maxHistory>${MAXHISTORY}</maxHistory>
<timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
<maxFileSize>${FILESIZE}</maxFileSize>
</timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
</rollingPolicy>
</appender>
<!-- INFO 输入到文件,按日期和文件大小 -->
<appender name="INFO" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<encoder charset="utf-8">
<pattern>[%-5level] %d{${DATETIME}} [%thread] %logger{36} - %m%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>INFO</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>${ROOT}%d/info.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
<maxHistory>${MAXHISTORY}</maxHistory>
<timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
<maxFileSize>${FILESIZE}</maxFileSize>
</timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
</rollingPolicy>
</appender>
<!-- DEBUG 输入到文件,按日期和文件大小 -->
<appender name="DEBUG" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<encoder charset="utf-8">
<pattern>[%-5level] %d{${DATETIME}} [%thread] %logger{36} - %m%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>DEBUG</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>${ROOT}%d/debug.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
<maxHistory>${MAXHISTORY}</maxHistory>
<timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
<maxFileSize>${FILESIZE}</maxFileSize>
</timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
</rollingPolicy>
</appender>
<!-- TRACE 输入到文件,按日期和文件大小 -->
<appender name="TRACE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<encoder charset="utf-8">
<pattern>[%-5level] %d{${DATETIME}} [%thread] %logger{36} - %m%n
</pattern>
</encoder>
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>TRACE</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
<rollingPolicy
class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>${ROOT}%d/trace.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
<maxHistory>${MAXHISTORY}</maxHistory>
<timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy
class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
<maxFileSize>${FILESIZE}</maxFileSize>
</timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
</rollingPolicy>
</appender>
<!-- SQL相关日志输出-->
<logger name="org.apache.ibatis" level="INFO" additivity="false" />
<logger name="org.mybatis.spring" level="INFO" additivity="false" />
<logger name="com.github.miemiedev.mybatis.paginator" level="INFO" additivity="false" />
<!-- Logger 根目录 -->
<root level="DEBUG">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
<appender-ref ref="DEBUG" />
<appender-ref ref="ERROR" />
<appender-ref ref="WARN" />
<appender-ref ref="INFO" />
<appender-ref ref="TRACE" />
</root>
</configuration>
控制台打印:
三.切换日志框架
步骤:
1.排除当前日志框架
2.引入新的日志框架
例子:更换日志框架为log4j2,并使用log4j2配置文件进行日志打印
pom.xml
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<!--排除默认日志框架-->
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<!--引入log4j2依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
</dependency>
定义log4j2.xml配置文件
log4j2.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--日志级别以及优先级排序: OFF > FATAL > ERROR > WARN > INFO > DEBUG > TRACE > ALL -->
<!--Configuration后面的status,这个用于设置log4j2自身内部的信息输出,可以不设置,当设置成trace时,你会看到log4j2内部各种详细输出-->
<!--monitorInterval:Log4j能够自动检测修改配置 文件和重新配置本身,设置间隔秒数-->
<configuration status="WARN" monitorInterval="30">
<!--先定义所有的appender-->
<appenders>
<!--这个输出控制台的配置-->
<console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
<!--输出日志的格式-->
<PatternLayout pattern="[%d{HH:mm:ss:SSS}] [%p] - %l - %m%n"/>
</console>
<!--文件会打印出所有信息,这个log每次运行程序会自动清空,由append属性决定,这个也挺有用的,适合临时测试用-->
<File name="log" fileName="log/test.log" append="false">
<PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %-5level %class{36} %L %M - %msg%xEx%n"/>
</File>
<!-- 这个会打印出所有的info及以下级别的信息,每次大小超过size,则这size大小的日志会自动存入按年份-月份建立的文件夹下面并进行压缩,作为存档-->
<RollingFile name="RollingFileInfo" fileName="${sys:user.home}/logs/info.log"
filePattern="${sys:user.home}/logs/$${date:yyyy-MM}/info-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log">
<!--控制台只输出level及以上级别的信息(onMatch),其他的直接拒绝(onMismatch)-->
<ThresholdFilter level="info" onMatch="ACCEPT" onMismatch="DENY"/>
<PatternLayout pattern="[%d{HH:mm:ss:SSS}] [%p] - %l - %m%n"/>
<Policies>
<TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy/>
<SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy size="100 MB"/>
</Policies>
</RollingFile>
<RollingFile name="RollingFileWarn" fileName="${sys:user.home}/logs/warn.log"
filePattern="${sys:user.home}/logs/$${date:yyyy-MM}/warn-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log">
<ThresholdFilter level="warn" onMatch="ACCEPT" onMismatch="DENY"/>
<PatternLayout pattern="[%d{HH:mm:ss:SSS}] [%p] - %l - %m%n"/>
<Policies>
<TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy/>
<SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy size="100 MB"/>
</Policies>
<!-- DefaultRolloverStrategy属性如不设置,则默认为最多同一文件夹下7个文件,这里设置了20 -->
<DefaultRolloverStrategy max="20"/>
</RollingFile>
<RollingFile name="RollingFileError" fileName="${sys:user.home}/logs/error.log"
filePattern="${sys:user.home}/logs/$${date:yyyy-MM}/error-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log">
<ThresholdFilter level="error" onMatch="ACCEPT" onMismatch="DENY"/>
<PatternLayout pattern="[%d{HH:mm:ss:SSS}] [%p] - %l - %m%n"/>
<Policies>
<TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy/>
<SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy size="100 MB"/>
</Policies>
</RollingFile>
</appenders>
<!--然后定义logger,只有定义了logger并引入的appender,appender才会生效-->
<loggers>
<!--过滤掉spring和mybatis的一些无用的DEBUG信息-->
<logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"></logger>
<logger name="org.mybatis" level="INFO"></logger>
<root level="all">
<appender-ref ref="Console"/>
<appender-ref ref="RollingFileInfo"/>
<appender-ref ref="RollingFileWarn"/>
<appender-ref ref="RollingFileError"/>
</root>
</loggers>
</configuration>
结果: