原网页:https://xyy.ink
模板
- 模板是html页面,可以根据视图中传递的数据填充值
- 修改settings.py文件,设置TEMPLATES的DIRS值
'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')]
- 在模板中访问视图传递的数据
{{输出值,可以是变量,也可以是对象.属性}} - {%执行代码段%}
定义index.html模板
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>图书列表</h1>
<ul>
{% for book in booklist %}
<li>
<a href="{{book.id}}">
{{book.b_title}}
</a>
</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
定义detail.html模板
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>{{ book.b_title }}</h1>
<ul>
{% for hero in book.heroinfo_set.all %}
<li>{{hero.h_name}}----{{hero.h_content}}</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
使用模板
- 编辑views.py文件,在方法中调用模板
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.template import RequestContext, loader
from models import BookInfo
def index(request):
booklist = BookInfo.objects.all()
template = loader.get_template('booktest/index.html')
context = RequestContext(request, {'booklist': booklist})
return HttpResponse(template.render(context))
def detail(reqeust, id):
book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=id)
template = loader.get_template('booktest/detail.html')
context = RequestContext(reqeust, {'book': book})
return HttpResponse(template.render(context))
去除模板的硬编码
- 在index.html模板中,超链接是硬编码的,此时的请求地址为“127.0.0.1/1/”
<a href="{{book.id}}">
- 看如下情况:将urlconf中详细页改为如下,链接就找不到了
url(r'^book/([0-9]+)/$', views.detail),
- 此时的请求地址应该为“127.0.0.1/book/1/”
- 问题总结:如果在模板中地址硬编码,将来urlconf修改后,地址将失效
- 解决:使用命名的url设置超链接
- 修改test1/urls.py文件,在include中设置namespace
url(r'^', include('booktest.urls', namespace='booktest')),
- 修改booktest/urls.py文件,设置name
url(r'^book/([0-9]+)/$', views.detail, name="detail"),
- 修改index.html模板中的链接
<a href="{%url 'booktest:detail' book.id%}">
Render简写
Django提供了函数Render()简化视图调用模板、构造上下文
from django.shortcuts import render from models import BookInfo def index(reqeust): booklist = BookInfo.objects.all() return render(reqeust, 'booktest/index.html', {'booklist': booklist}) def detail(reqeust, id): book = BookInfo.objects.get(pk=id)
return render(reqeust, 'booktest/detail.html', {'book': book})