PYTHON编程导论群问题汇总(三)

Q1: week2-3, Ex-guess my number

在做week2练习:guess my number时遇到一个小问题。
代码已经写好,结果也和给出的答案一样,但是格式有一点不同,如下:
# 这是我的output
Please think of a number between 0 and 100!
Is your secret number 50?
Enter 'h' to indicate the guess is too high. Enter 'l' to indicate the guess is too low. Enter 'c' to indicate I guessed correctly.
l
# 这是答案expected output
Please think of a number between 0 and 100!
Is your secret number 50?
Enter 'h' to indicate the guess is too high. Enter 'l' to indicate the guess is too low. Enter 'c' to indicate I guessed correctly. l

可以发现区别在于答案的输入l是在“Enter ‘h’ to indicate the guess is too high. Enter ‘l’ to indicate the guess is too low. Enter ‘c’ to indicate I guessed correctly.”的同一行,而我的有一个换行,调整了半天也不知道如何让他们处于同一行,故请教大大们。我的代码如下,比较丑陋…

i = 50
low = 0
high = 99
print('Please think of a number between 0 and 100!')
print('Is your secret number: 50?')
while True: 
    print("Enter 'h' to indicate the guess is too high. Enter 'l' to indicate the guess is too low. Enter 'c' to indicate I guessed correctly.")
    a = input() # 问题出在这里,如何能将input和上面的print内容显示在一行里
    if a != 'h' or 'l' or 'c':
        print('Sorry, I did not understand your input.')
        print('Is your secret number:' + str(i) + '?')
        print("Enter 'h' to indicate the guess is too high. Enter 'l' to indicate the guess is too low. Enter 'c' to indicate I guessed correctly.")
        a = input()
    elif a == 'l':
        low = i
        i = int((i+high)/2)
        print('Is your secret number:' + str(i))
    elif a == 'h':
        high = i
        i = int((low+i)/2)
        print('Is your secret number:' + str(i))
    else:
        print('Game over. Your secret number was:' + str(i))

lmz:

a = input("Enter 'h' to indicate the guess is too high. Enter 'l' to indicate the guess is too low. Enter 'c' to indicate I guessed correctly.")

此外你的代码如果输入的字符不是‘h,l,c’中的一个,你有没发现,他会要求你输入2次input?
具体实现我倒是做了笔记

bigjing:

你的代码除了在input处存在问题外,运行逻辑上存在一些小问题,在不改变你整体框架的前提下,现做如下修改

9if a !='h' or 'l' or 'c'应改为:a != 'h' and a != 'l' and a !='c'13a = input() 改为 continue
第22else: 后需要加 break,否则循环无法终止

修改后完整代码:

i = 50
low = 0
high = 99
print('Please think of a number between 0 and 100!')
print('Is your secret number: 50?')
while True: 
    a = input("Enter 'h' to indicate the guess is too high. Enter 'l' to indicate the guess is too low. Enter 'c' to indicate I guessed correctly.") # 问题出在这里,如何能将input和上面的print内容显示在一行里
    if a != 'h' and a != 'l' and a !='c':
        print('Sorry, I did not understand your input.')
        print('Is your secret number:' + str(i) + '?')
        continue
    elif a == 'l':
        low = i
        i = int((i+high)/2)
        print('Is your secret number:' + str(i))
    elif a == 'h':
        high = i
        i = int((low+i)/2)
        print('Is your secret number:' + str(i))
    else:
        print('Game over. Your secret number was:' + str(i))
        break

根据对题目理解,我重新写了一个,供参考

low = 0
high = 100
guess = 50
print('Please think of a number between 0 and 100!')
print('Is your secret number:{}?'.format(guess))
while True: 
    a = input("Enter 'h' to indicate the guess is too high. Enter 'l' to indicate the guess is too low. Enter 'c' to indicate I guessed correctly.") 
    if a == 'c':
        print('Game over. Your secret number was:{}'.format(guess) )
        break
    elif a in ['l','h']:
        if a == 'l':
            low = guess
        else:
            high = guess
        guess = (high+low)//2
        print('Is your secret number:{}'.format(guess))
        continue
    else:
        print('Sorry, I did not understand your input.')  
        continue

lmz:

# week2-3 Exercise: guess my number

print('Please think of a number between 0 and 100!')
low = 0
high = 100

def guess_wrong_ans(ans):
    global high, low
    if ans == 'c':
        print('Game over. Your secret number was: %s' % mid)
        return False 
    elif ans == 'h':
        high = mid
    elif ans == 'l':
        low = mid
    else:
        print('Sorry, I did not understand your input.')
    return True

status = True
while status:
    mid = (low + high)//2   
    print('Is your secret number %s?' % mid)
    ans = input("Enter 'h' to indicate the guess is too high. Enter 'l' to indicate the guess is too low. Enter 'c' to indicate I guessed correctly. ")
    status = guess_wrong_ans(ans)

Q2: 程序运行方法

程序运行方法有三种,比如说print(‘hello world’):
1. 在命令行直接运行;
2. 编写一个 Python 文件,将 print hello world 封装为一个函数,通过 main 函数调用它来运行;
3. 编写一个 class,将 print hello world 封装为一个 method,通过 main 函数创建 class 实例来运行 method。
后两种方式怎样实现,能举个例子么?

SY:

我的理解是第一个是直接运行,第二个是通过函数,第三个是通过类的方法。

lmz:

# 2.hello.py
def hello():
    print("hello world")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    hello()
# 3.hello.py
class hello(object):
    def helloworld(self):
        print("hello world")

def main():       
    text = hello()     # 初始化实例
    text.helloworld()  # 调用类的方法

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

bigjing:

能解释下python编程中的if __name__ == 'main': 的作用和原理么?

lmz:

if __name__ == '__main__' 的意思是说,只有直接运行python hello.py时,该if条件下的语句才会执行,可以参考廖雪峰的网站链接
当我们在命令行运行hello模块文件时,Python解释器把一个特殊变量__name__置为__main__,而如果在其他地方导入该hello模块时,if判断将失败,因此,这种if测试可以让一个模块通过命令行运行时执行一些额外的代码,最常见的就是运行测试。

bigjing:

凡星的解释已经很完整了,附另一个解释比较好的连接,供大家学习

Q3: 数组转换

经常能看到对数组进行reshape(-1,1)操作
我们知道reshape(2,3)是转成2行3列。
那reshape(-1,1)这个操作实现的功能是什么?
虽然从结果上来看好像是转成多行一列,-1的存在是固定写法么?

lmz:

Parameters: 
    a : array_like, Array to be reshaped.
    newshape : int or tuple of ints
The new shape should be compatible with the original shape. If an integer, then the result will be a 1-D array of that length. One shape dimension can be -1. In this case, the value is inferred from the length of the array and remaining dimensions.

案例的话,知乎

c = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
# python2代码
print '改成2行3列:'
print c.reshape(2,3)
print '改成3行2列:'
print c.reshape(3,2)
print '我也不知道几行,反正是1列:'
print c.reshape(-1,1)
print '我也不知道几列,反正是1行:'
print c.reshape(1,-1)
print '不分行列,改成1串'
print c.reshape(-1)
输出为:

改成23列:
[[1 2 3]
[4 5 6]]
改成32列:
[[1 2]
[3 4]
[5 6]]
我也不知道几行,反正是1列:
[[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]]
我也不知道几列,反正是1行:
[[1 2 3 4 5 6]]
不分行列,改成1串
[1 2 3 4 5 6]

Q4.函数参数

P33:关键字参数与默认参数的区别?

bigjing:

首先一个观点:关键字参数是包含默认参数范畴的
当关键字参数作为形参的时候,就是默认参数
当关键字参数作为实参的时候,可以实现不按位置赋值参数的作用

Q5. 入栈顺序(函数运行空间)

P35:入栈顺序,为什么第1列中x在f之后,第2列中h在g之后入栈?

bigjing:

拓展一下问题:
什么是
什么是栈帧
栈和栈帧有什么区别
函数调用栈帧的过程

lmz:

我就不从概念上去解释了,而是按照我的理解解释:

  1. 栈(stack)——一种FILO(先进后出)的数据结构,python里运行函数就是用的这种结构
  2. python执行函数时,会新开一个局部空间(也就是书中的stack frame, 中译文栈帧),函数执行完后,除了返回的数据,该局部空间也就销毁了(即: 你不能再访问该局部空间里的变量了)
  3. 由于python每次执行函数,都是先跳到函数内部执行完毕后,再返回原空间继续,所以说这是一种FILO(或LIFO)的执行顺序,然后中间涉及的变量储存就是对应的栈结构了。

书中对应的内容,讲的就是python执行代码过程中,变量的产生和销毁的顺序。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/Datawhale/article/details/81276923