from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.mainloop()

import tkinter as tk
class Application(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)

        self.pack()  #pack布局   

#可以将pack全部换成grid  grid(row=1)   grid(row=0,column=1)
        self.create_widgets()
    def create_widgets(self):
        self.L = tk.Label(self,text="txt", fg="black", bg="white")
        self.L.pack()

        self.E = tk.Entry(self)
        self.E.pack()

        self.Etxt = tk.StringVar()
        self.Etxt.set("xxx")
        self.E["textvariable"] = self.Etxt


        self.BtnRun = tk.Button(self,width=15, height=5,text = "Run",command = self.__Run)
        self.BtnRun.pack(padx=20, side='left')
    def __Run(self):
        ss = self.Etxt.get()
        print(ss)

root = tk.Tk()
root.title('title')
root.geometry('400x200')
root.maxsize(400, 200)
root.minsize(400, 200)
app = Application(master=root)
app.mainloop()

1. 设置窗口大小和位置

root.title('窗口名')  

root.geometry('600x400')  #设置了主窗口的初始大小600x400

root.maxsize(600, 400)  

root.minsize(300, 240)

1. 设置窗口居中

def center_window(root, width, height):
    screenwidth = root.winfo_screenwidth()
    screenheight = root.winfo_screenheight()
    size = '%dx%d+%d+%d' % (width, height, (screenwidth - width)/2, (screenheight - height)/2)
    root.geometry(size)

center_window(root, 300, 240)

1. 控件
   1. 按钮

属性名进行设置

tk.Button(text="运行", fg="red",command=self.fun,width = 20,height = 10)

1. 1. 文本标签

self.l1 = tk.Label(text="txt", fg="black", bg="white")

self.l1["text"]="xxx"

1. 1. 编辑框

self.editTxt = tk.Entry()        #创建文本控件
self.editTxt.pack()

self.contents = tk.StringVar()   #和Entry控件绑定的变量
self.contents.set("this is a variable")
self.editTxt["textvariable"] = self.contents

ss = self.contents.get()    #获取字符串

self.editTxt.bind('<Enter>',self.fun1)   #绑定Enter事件到函数 def fun1(self, event):

1. 1. 进度条

scale=Scale(top,from_=10,to=40,orient=HORIZONTAL,command=fun)
scale.set(12)  #设置起始位置
scale.pack(fill=X,expand=1)

def fun(ev=None):

1. Ttk

from tkinter.ttk import *  

可以取代（from Tkinter import *）tk中的button等控件

self.l1 = Label(text="Test", style="BW.TLabel")

文本可以让底色透明

1. 弹出对话框

from tkinter import *

def dialog():
    win = Toplevel()
    Label(win,text="abc").pack()
    win.focus_set()
    win.grab_set()
    win.wait_window()

root = Tk()
Button(root,text="btn",command=dialog).pack()
root.mainloop()

1. 特殊对话框

Lib\tkinter\

filedialog.py

messagebox.py

1. 1. 文件和文件夹

import tkinter.filedialog as tkFD

选择文件对话框

filePathName =tkFD.askopenfilename(filetypes=[("图像", ".jpg")])

[('all files', '.*'), ('text files', '.txt')]

文件夹选择对话框

dir = tkFD.askdirectory()

1. 1. 消息框

import tkinter.messagebox as tkMB

tkMB.showinfo("提示","处理完成")