django： django rest framework 数据的查找、过滤、排序

其他 2018-08-29 18:21:43 阅读次数: 0
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/linux_player_c/article/details/80779059

django： django rest framework 数据的查找、过滤、排序

对于管理系统，常常需要展示列表数据，我们对于列表内的数据常常需要查找、过滤、排序等操作，其中查找等操作大部分是在后台进行的。django rest framework可以轻松的实现数据的查找、过滤等操作。接下来我们将以实际的例子进行介绍。

示例代码github地址：https://github.com/jinjidejuren/drf_learn

例如cmdb系统，作为资产管理系统常常需要对数据进行过滤或查找，获取期望的信息。

实现model

1.在这个示例项目中，需要实现对物理服务器的条件过滤，物理服务器的model列表如下（apps/assets/models.py文件）:

class Server(models.Model):
    """
    物理服务器
    """
    status_choice = (
        ('online', '上线'),
        ('offline', '下线'),
        ('normal', '正常'),
        ('abnormal', '异常')
    )

    server_name = models.CharField(verbose_name=u'服务器名称', max_length=128, blank=False, null=False)
    server_num = models.CharField(verbose_name=u'服务器编号', max_length=128, blank=True, null=True)
    brand = models.CharField(verbose_name=u'品牌', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    model = models.CharField(verbose_name=u'型号', max_length=64, blank=True, null=True)
    cpus = models.IntegerField(verbose_name=u'cpu核数', default=0)
    ram = models.IntegerField(verbose_name=u'内存大小', default=0)
    disk = models.IntegerField(verbose_name=u'磁盘大小', default=0)
    product_date = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=u'生产日期', auto_now_add=True)
    status = models.CharField(verbose_name=u'状态', max_length=16, choices=status_choice)

    created_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=u'创建时间', auto_now_add=True)
    modified_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name=u'修改时间', auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u'服务器'
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.server_name

实现serializer

接下来需要实现server这个model的序列化类，在apps/assets/serializers.py中编写:

class ServiceSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    服务器序列化
    """

    class Meta:
        model = Server
        fields = ('id', 'server_name', 'server_num', 'brand', 'model', 'cpus',
                  'ram', 'disk', 'product_date', 'status', 'created_time',
                  'modified_time')

对于fields来说，可以使用 _ all _ 来代表所有的字段，除了model中定义的field外，序列化还可以指定其他的信息，比如嵌套信息或者自定义的信息。具体可以取决于业务逻辑。

实现modelviewset

对于modelviewset，我们可以围绕它对用户请求做相应的处理。常见的是对model进行增加、删除、查找、修改等。在这部分我们需要实现ServerViewSet：

class ServerViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    物理服务器视图
    """
    queryset = Server.objects.all().order_by('-created_time')
    serializer_class = ServerSerializer
    pagination_class = MyFormatResultsSetPagination

queryset指定返回列表的形式，所有的信息都返回，并且按照创建时间逆序排列，这样可以把最新的信息先返回，比较符合用户的操作习惯。

serializer_class定义了返回的序列化格式为ServerSerializer所指定的fields内容

pagination_class 指定了分页的类型，这个MyFormatResultsSetPagination是我们的自定义类型（关于分页类型在django分页文章中进行了讲解）。

实现router

如果用户想要访问server的信息，需要指定server的路由，这个和之前介绍的类似。需要的嗯一个一个router对象，并且将server的路由注册进去。

from rest_framework import routers

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'servers', views.ServerViewSet, base_name='servers')

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^', include(router.urls))
]

对于servers的访问都由ServerViewSet进行处理。

尝试访问

http://127.0.0.1:8060/assets/v1/servers/，信息如下：
这里写图片描述

注：我们需要添加示例信息，作为后续的各种测试使用。

按照条件获取

在日常操作中，我们需要获取指定条件的数据，例如对于物理服务器，我们需要指定品牌、指定cpu核数、指定内存大小等。有时候我们需要按照cpu核数进行排序。这些都需要我们对ServerViewSet进行更多的拓展。

如果进行条件过滤，需要首先安装django-filter模块：

pip install django-filter

在配置文件settings/base.py中添加应用django_filters：

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # 'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'django_filters',
    'apps.assets',
    'apps.rbac'
]

在apps/assets/views.py顶部包含如下包：

from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from rest_framework import filters
from django_filters import rest_framework

ServerViewSet可以添加相应的过滤条件：

class ServerViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    物理服务器视图
    """
    queryset = Server.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ServerSerializer
    pagination_class = MyFormatResultsSetPagination
    filter_backends = (rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend, filters.SearchFilter, filters.OrderingFilter, )
    filter_class = ServerFilter
    search_fields = ('server_name', '=brand', 'status', )
    ordering_fields = ('cpus', 'ram', 'disk', 'product_date', )
    ordering = ('-created_time', )

这里的filter_backends指定了过滤的类型，此处设定了DjangoFilterBackend（过滤）、SearchFilter（搜索）和OrderingFIlter（排序）。

1.过滤

过滤设定了过滤的配置类为ServerFilter，关于ServerFilter在apps/assets/filters.py文件中进行了定义：

import django_filters

from .models import *


class ServerFilter(django_filters.rest_framework.FilterSet):
    """
    物理服务器过滤器
    """

    server_name = django_filters.CharFilter(name='server_name', lookup_expr='icontains')
    brand = django_filters.CharFilter(name='brand', lookup_expr='icontains')
    cpus = django_filters.NumberFilter(name='cpus')
    ram = django_filters.NumberFilter(name='ram')
    disk = django_filters.NumberFilter(name='disk')

    class Meta:
        model = Server
        fields = ['server_name', 'brand', 'cpus', 'ram', 'disk', ]

也就是说可以通过’server_name’, ‘brand’, ‘cpus’, ‘ram’, ‘disk’对物理服务器的信息进行过滤，得到相应的序列化列表。

例如获取cpu为24核的物理服务器：

这里写图片描述

得到物理服务器列表中cpu都为24:

GET /assets/v1/servers/?server_name=&brand=&cpus=24&ram=&disk=
HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 9,
            "server_name": "data-server2",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "hp",
            "model": "HPE Apollo 4200 Gen9",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 64,
            "disk": 2500,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:51:09.641473Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:09.642583Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:09.642764Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 8,
            "server_name": "data-server2",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "hp",
            "model": "HPE Apollo 4200 Gen9",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 64,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:51:02.466031Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:02.467274Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:02.467471Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 7,
            "server_name": "data-server1",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "hp",
            "model": "HPE Apollo 4200 Gen9",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 64,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:50:55.622403Z",
            "status": "offline",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:50:55.623315Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:50:55.623431Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 6,
            "server_name": "data-server",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "hp",
            "model": "HPE Apollo 4200 Gen9",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 64,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:50:48.088028Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:50:48.089433Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:50:48.089703Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 5,
            "server_name": "harbor-server3",
            "server_num": "server-01-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:49:27.590015Z",
            "status": "offline",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:27.590980Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:27.591097Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 4,
            "server_name": "harbor-server3",
            "server_num": "server-01-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:49:23.783337Z",
            "status": "abnormal",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:23.784243Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:23.784500Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 3,
            "server_name": "harbor-server2",
            "server_num": "server-01-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:49:16.348672Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:16.349555Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:16.349663Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 2,
            "server_name": "harbor-server1",
            "server_num": "server-02-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:48:57.853354Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:48:57.853990Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:48:57.854098Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 1,
            "server_name": "harbor-server",
            "server_num": "server-01-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:48:48.777153Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:48:48.778048Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:48:48.778166Z"
        }
    ],
    "pagination": 9,
    "page_size": 10,
    "page": 1
}

2.搜索

搜索需要指定search关键字需要查询的信息，例如搜索名称为‘test’开头的服务器：

http://127.0.0.1:8060/assets/v1/servers/?search=test

获取列表：

HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 14,
            "server_name": "test-server1",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Modular",
            "cpus": 32,
            "ram": 256,
            "disk": 500,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:52:40.583743Z",
            "status": "offline",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:52:40.584409Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:52:40.584512Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 13,
            "server_name": "test-server",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Modular",
            "cpus": 32,
            "ram": 256,
            "disk": 2500,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:52:24.760819Z",
            "status": "normal",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:52:24.761475Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:52:24.761578Z"
        }
    ],
    "pagination": 2,
    "page_size": 10,
    "page": 1
}

在search_fields中可以指定多种查找方式：
‘^name’ 以name开头
‘=name’ 精确匹配
‘@’ 全局检索（只有mysql数据源支持）
‘$’ 正则匹配

对应的search_fileds示例如下：

search_fields = ('^server_name', '=brand', 'status', )

3.排序

在ordering字段指定了默认排序方式（按照创建时间逆序排序）：

ordering = ('-created_time', )

也可以使用如下方式指定：

queryset = Server.objects.all().order_by('-created_time')

如果要自定义排序字段，需要指定ordering字段的内容：

例如按照内存大小排列服务器：

http://127.0.0.1:8060/assets/v1/servers/?ordering=ram

获取的信息列表如下：

HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept

{
    "results": [
        {
            "id": 6,
            "server_name": "data-server",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "hp",
            "model": "HPE Apollo 4200 Gen9",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 64,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:50:48.088028Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:50:48.089433Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:50:48.089703Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 7,
            "server_name": "data-server1",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "hp",
            "model": "HPE Apollo 4200 Gen9",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 64,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:50:55.622403Z",
            "status": "offline",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:50:55.623315Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:50:55.623431Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 8,
            "server_name": "data-server2",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "hp",
            "model": "HPE Apollo 4200 Gen9",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 64,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:51:02.466031Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:02.467274Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:02.467471Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 9,
            "server_name": "data-server2",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "hp",
            "model": "HPE Apollo 4200 Gen9",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 64,
            "disk": 2500,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:51:09.641473Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:09.642583Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:09.642764Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 1,
            "server_name": "harbor-server",
            "server_num": "server-01-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:48:48.777153Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:48:48.778048Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:48:48.778166Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 2,
            "server_name": "harbor-server1",
            "server_num": "server-02-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:48:57.853354Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:48:57.853990Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:48:57.854098Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 3,
            "server_name": "harbor-server2",
            "server_num": "server-01-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:49:16.348672Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:16.349555Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:16.349663Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 4,
            "server_name": "harbor-server3",
            "server_num": "server-01-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:49:23.783337Z",
            "status": "abnormal",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:23.784243Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:23.784500Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 5,
            "server_name": "harbor-server3",
            "server_num": "server-01-beijing",
            "brand": "dell",
            "model": "Rack",
            "cpus": 24,
            "ram": 128,
            "disk": 5000,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:49:27.590015Z",
            "status": "offline",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:27.590980Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:49:27.591097Z"
        },
        {
            "id": 10,
            "server_name": "data-server2",
            "server_num": "server-01-shanghai",
            "brand": "hp",
            "model": "HPE Apollo 4200 Gen9",
            "cpus": 32,
            "ram": 256,
            "disk": 2500,
            "product_date": "2018-06-23T13:51:30.706187Z",
            "status": "online",
            "created_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:30.707754Z",
            "modified_time": "2018-06-23T13:51:30.707878Z"
        }
    ],
    "pagination": 14,
    "page_size": 10,
    "page": 1
}

上述的排序、过滤等操作可以组合使用，一般为前端的列表搜索查询提供接口支持。

小结

本章小结的内容介绍了django rest framework如何进行model的定义、序列化、增删改查以及搜索、排序等功能，是书写后端接口必须掌握的技巧。

猜你喜欢

转载自blog.csdn.net/linux_player_c/article/details/80779059
今日推荐
零基础入门鸿蒙开发 HarmonyOS NEXT星河版开发学习
豆包MarsCode帮我2小时完成Go语言系统从开发、测试到部署全流程最佳实践，云IDE迁移PHP企业级项目最佳实践
内幕！smardaten无代码平台全方位测评，这些细节你绝对想不到！
idea安装及激活配置流程---2024旗舰版(需激活码)
Elastic 创始人：热爱开源，希望合作 OSI 创建新许可证
工业互联网标识解析体系开放开源下载服务中心发布
IDEA取消自动选择光标所在行
828华为云征文 | 使用Flexus X实例搭建Dubbo-Admin服务
Programmer&AI—AI辅助编程学习指南
【Linux】虚拟机安装 openEuler 24.03 X86_64
o1 发布后 Sam Altman 最新访谈：AI 发展不仅没有放缓，而且我们对未来几年已经胜券在握
AI芯片国产化率100%！运营商最大单集群智算中心投产
周排行
【后端】 Spring Cloud 服务间调用
Git 学习教程
Salesforce集成(三). 获取数据02_获取Object和Field信息
Oracle执行计划的稳定（使用MANUAL类型的SQL PROFILE）
js跨域请求之jsonp原理和运用
ios -解决view遮挡按钮问题
【PAT天梯赛】L2-003 月饼 （25 分)（贪心思想）
hive 存储格式的生产应用
【Python实践-6】将不规范的英文名字，变为首字母大写，其他小写的规范名字
容器学习点点滴滴（二）
每日归档
更多
2024-10-03(2)
2024-10-02(60)
2024-10-01(0)
2024-09-30(0)
2024-09-29(0)
2024-09-28(4)
2024-09-27(60)
2024-09-26(0)
2024-09-25(0)
2024-09-24(0)

代码天地 © 2018 codetd.com

境外服务器   最新电视剧2022