0.摘要
本文主要介绍pip的常用方法，基于python3环境。给出的命令是Linux的形式，windows的cmd中，需要去掉sudo，部分命令直接输入python即可，不需要输入python3。
1.pip版本升级
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
2.安装库
一般安装方法，适用于大多数情况：pip install 库名称
指定使用python3对应的pip安装库：sudo python3 -m pip install 库名称
3.查看已安装的库，并更新
查看已安装的库：pip list
检查并显示已过期的库：pip list --outdated
更新指定库：pip install --upgrade 需要更新的库的名称
查看pip参数：
使用pip -help 即可查看，内容如下：
| install | Install packages |
| download | Download packages. |
| uninstall | Uninstall packages. |
| freeze | Output installed packages in requirements format. |
| list | List installed packages. |
| show | Show information about installed packages. |
| check | Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies. |
| config | Manage local and global configuration. |
| search | Search PyPI for packages. |
| wheel | Build wheels from your requirements. |
| hash | Compute hashes of package archives. |
| completion | A helper command used for command completion. |
| help | Show help for commands. |
| -h, --help | Show help. |
| --isolated | Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration. |
| -v, --verbose | Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times. |
| -V, --version | Show version and exit. |
| -q, --quiet | Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels). |
| --log <path> | Path to a verbose appending log. |
| --proxy <proxy> | Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port. |
| --retries <retries> | Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times). |
| --timeout <sec> | Set the socket timeout (default 6000.0 seconds). |
| --exists-action <action> | Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort). |
| --trusted-host <hostname> | Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS. |
| --cert <path> | Path to alternate CA bundle. |
| --client-cert <path> | Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the certificate in PEM format. |
| --cache-dir <dir> | Store the cache data in <dir>. |
| --no-cache-dir | Disable the cache. |
| --disable-pip-version-check | Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for download. Implied with --no-index. |
| --no-color | Suppress colored output |