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面向对象三大特性:封装、继承、多态
组合:一个类的对象是另一个类或对象的属性
继承:python可多继承
python3中默认继承object类
python3所有类都是新式类(默认继承object)
单继承中可以用super().xxx调用父类方法或属性
class A(object):
name1 = 'A'
def __init__(self):
print('A is init')
def f1(self):
print('f1 in A')
class B(object):
name2 = 'B'
def __init__(self):
print('B is init')
def f2(self):
print('f2 in B')
class C(A, B):
name3 = 'C'
def __init__(self):
A.__init__(self)
B.__init__(self)
print('C is init')
def f3(self):
print('f3 in C')
c = C() # A is init B is init C is init
print(C.__bases__) # (<class '__main__.A'>, <class '__main__.B'>)
print(c.name1) # A
print(c.name2) # B
print(c.name3) # C
c.f1() # f1 in A
c.f2() # f2 in B
c.f3() # f3 in C
多继承顺序:从左到右
mro()继承顺序,只有新式类有这个方法
super方法只在python3存在
python3中广度优先继承 D-》B-》C-》A
注意:在python2经典类里(不继承object)深度优先继承,D-》B-》A-》C
python3只有新式类,默认继承object
python2.7经典类(不默认继承object)和新式类共存
class A(object):
def func(self):
print('A')
class B(A):
pass
class C(A):
def func(self):
print('C')
class D(B, C):
pass
print(D.mro()) # [<class '__main__.D'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class 'object'>]
d = D()
d.func() # C
==========================================
class A(object):
def func(self):
print('A')
class B(A):
pass
class C(A):
def func(self):
print('C')
class D(B, C):
pass
d = D()
d.func() # C
super的本质:根据调用者的节点位置的广度优先顺序
继承顺序是D-》B-》C-》A
因此super执行顺序就反过来A-》C-》B-》D
class A(object):
def func(self):
print('A')
class B(A):
def func(self):
super().func()
print('B')
class C(A):
def func(self):
super().func()
print('C')
class D(B, C):
def func(self):
super().func()
print('D')
d = D()
d.func() # A C B D