1.自定义需求
a)当前更新的微博头条内容，发送邮件通知
1.分析页面
a)访问微博主页：https://weibo.com/，记录cookies
b)登陆链接请求
https://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php
c)访问头条链接
https://d.weibo.com/623751_1
3.实现思路
a)微博模拟登陆，保存cookie信息
b)抓取头条新闻
c)每个小时，更新一次，有新发布头条，发送邮件通知
4.编码实现
Spider组件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from scrapy.spiders import Spider
from scrapy import Spider, Request
from lxml import etree
import re
import datetime,time
import uuid

from SinaTopic.items import SinatopicItem

class SinaspiderSpider(Spider):
    name = 'SinaSpider'
    allowed_domains = ['weibo.com']
    start_urls = ['https://d.weibo.com/623751_1']

    def start_requests(self):
        for i in range(10):
            yield Request(url=self.start_urls[0], callback=self.parse, dont_filter=True)

    def parse(self, response):
        res = response.text.replace('\r','').replace('\\n','').replace('\t','').replace('\\','').strip()
        #with open('html.txt','w') as f:
        #    f.write(res)
        lists = re.findall(r'<li class="pt_li pt_li_2 S_bg2"(.*)</li>', res)[0]
        selector = etree.HTML(str(lists))
        titles = selector.xpath('//div[@class="text_box"]/div[@class="title W_autocut"]/a/text()')
        hrefs = selector.xpath('//div[@class="text_box"]/div[@class="title W_autocut"]/a/@href')
        subs = selector.xpath('//div[@class="text_box"]/div[@class="text text_cut S_txt2"]/text()')
        picmuls = selector.xpath('//ul[@class="pic_m3 clearfix"]/li/img/@src')
        accounts = selector.xpath('//div[@class="subinfo_box clearfix"]/a/span[@class="subinfo S_txt2"]/text()')
        datatimes = selector.xpath('//div[@class="subinfo_box clearfix"]/span[@class="subinfo S_txt2"]/text()')
        refercounts = selector.xpath('//em[@class="W_ficon ficon_forward S_ficon W_f16"]/following-sibling::em[1]/text()')
        commontcounts = selector.xpath('//em[@class="W_ficon ficon_repeat S_ficon W_f16"]/following-sibling::em[1]/text()')
        addcounts = selector.xpath('//em[@class="W_ficon ficon_praised S_ficon W_f16"]/following-sibling::em[1]/text()')
        for (title,href,sub,account,pubtime,refercount,commentcount,addcount) in zip(titles,hrefs,subs,accounts,datatimes,refercounts,commontcounts,addcounts):
            item = SinatopicItem()
            item["id"] = uuid.uuid1()
            item["title"] = title
            item["href"] = href
            item["sub"] = sub
            item["account"] = account[1:]
            item["pubtime"] = str(datetime.datetime.now().year)+"年"+pubtime
            item["refercount"] = refercount
            item["commentcount"] = commentcount
            item["addcount"] = addcount
            item["addtime"] = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
            index = titles.index(title)
            try:
               item["picurls"] = picmuls[index]+";"+picmuls[index+1]+";"+picmuls[index+2]
            except:
                print('{} pictrues error.'.format(titles))
            yield item

Piplines组件

from pymongo import MongoClient
from SinaTopic.items import SinatopicItem
from SinaTopic.emails import sendEmail

class SinaspiderPipeline(object):

    def __init__(self):
        print('monogo')
        client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017')
        db = client['SinaWeiBo']
        self.collection = db["topic"]
        self.count =0
        self.exitscount = 0
        self.refresh = []
        self.reverserefresh = []


    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        if isinstance(item, SinatopicItem):
            try:
                content = dict(item)
                myquery = {}
                myquery['title'] = item["title"]
                mydoc = self.collection.find_one(myquery)
                if mydoc:
                    self.exitscount = self.exitscount+1
                    print('exists',mydoc["title"])
                else:
                    print('not exists',item["title"])
                    self.collection.insert_one(content)
                    self.count = self.count + 1
                    self.refresh.append(item)
                print('OK',self.count,self.exitscount)
            except Exception:
                print('SinatopicItem Erro')

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        print('sendemail count:',len(self.refresh))
        self.refresh.sort(key=lambda x: (int(x["addcount"]), int(x["commentcount"])))
        for items in self.refresh:
            self.reverserefresh.insert(0,items)
        sendEmail(self.reverserefresh)

cookies组件

# encoding=utf-8
import json
import base64
import requests
import os
myWeiBo = [
    {'no': 'username', 'psw': 'pwd'},
]


def getCookies(weibo):
    """ 获取Cookies """
    cookies = []
    localcookie = readcookies()
    if localcookie:
        print('local cookie')
        cookies.append(localcookie)
    else:
        print('get cookies from sina')
        loginURL = r'https://login.sina.com.cn/sso/login.php?client=ssologin.js(v1.4.15)'
        for elem in weibo:
            account = elem['no']
            password = elem['psw']
            username = base64.b64encode(account.encode('utf-8')).decode('utf-8')
            print('username:{},password:{}'.format(username,password))
            postData = {
                "entry": "sso",
                "gateway": "1",
                "from": "null",
                "savestate": "30",
                "useticket": "0",
                "pagerefer": "",
                "vsnf": "1",
                "su": username,
                "service": "sso",
                "sp": password,
                "sr": "1440*900",
                "encoding": "UTF-8",
                "cdult": "3",
                "domain": "sina.com.cn",
                "prelt": "0",
                "returntype": "TEXT",
            }
            session = requests.Session()
            r = session.post(loginURL, data=postData)
            jsonStr = r.content.decode('gbk')
            info = json.loads(jsonStr)
            if info["retcode"] == "0":
                print ("Get Cookie Success!( Account:%s )" % account)
                cookie = session.cookies.get_dict()
                cookies.append(cookie)
            else:
                print ("Failed!( Reason:%s )" % info['reason'])
    return cookies

def savecookies(cookies):
    with open('cookies.txt','w') as f:
        if cookies:
            for k,v in cookies.items():
                f.writelines('{0}:{1}'.format(k,v)+"\n")

def readcookies():
    cookie = {}
    for line in open('cookies.txt'):
        item = line.split(':')
        cookie[item[0]] = item[1]
    return cookie


cookies = getCookies(myWeiBo)
print ("Get Cookies Finish!( Num:%d)" % len(cookies))

#test
if __name__ == '__main__':
    readcookies()

    #cookies = getCookies(myWeiBo)
    #savecookies(cookies[0])
    #print("Get Cookies Finish:%s)" % cookies)

emails组件

# -*- coding: utf8 -*-
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
import smtplib

def sendEmail(list):
    """
    邮件通知
    """

    sender = "senderusername"
    receiver = "[email protected]"
    subject = '@主人 微博头条更新通知'
    username = "username "
    password = "password "
    host = "smtp.qq.com"
    sendmsg = ''
    msg = '第{11}篇\n标题:{0}\n描述:{1}\n原文链接:{2}\n微博账户:{3}\n发布时间:{4}\n转发数:{5}\n评论数:{6}\n点赞数:{7}\n{8}\n{9}\n{10}\n'
    if len(list) >0:
        for item in list:
            index = list.index(item)+1
            if index is 21:
                print('only send 10 emails')
                break
            else:
                sendmsg += msg.format(item["title"],item["sub"],item["href"],item["account"],item["pubtime"],item["refercount"],item["commentcount"],item["addcount"],item["picurls"].split(';')[0],item["picurls"].split(';')[1],item["picurls"].split(';')[2],index)
        msg = MIMEText(sendmsg, 'plain', 'utf-8')  # 中文需参数‘utf-8’，单字节字符不需要
        msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8')
        msg['From'] = sender
        msg['To'] = receiver
        smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL()
        smtp.connect(host)
        smtp.login(username, password)
        smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver.split(","), msg.as_string())
        smtp.quit()
        print("邮件已通知, 请查收")
    print('data is null')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    sendEmail(1)

items组件

from scrapy import Item, Field


class SinatopicItem(Item):
    # define the fields for your item here like:
    id = Field()
    title = Field()
    href = Field()
    sub = Field()
    account = Field()
    pubtime = Field()
    refercount = Field()
    commentcount = Field()
    addcount = Field()
    addtime = Field()
    picurls = Field()

middlewares中间件

# encoding=utf-8
import random
from SinaTopic.user_agents import agents
from SinaTopic.cookies import cookies


class UserAgentMiddleware(object):
    """ 换User-Agent """

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        agent = random.choice(agents)
        request.headers["User-Agent"] = agent


class CookiesMiddleware(object):
    """ 换Cookie """

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        cookie = random.choice(cookies)
        request.cookies = cookie

5.OK,功能实现，看效果