#######Socket编程########
## 网络通讯的三大要素
# 网络间实现通信的三大要素分别是:IP地址、port端口以及通信协议(TCP/UDP)
## IP
- Mac地址
- 分类:
IPv4: 172.25.254.100 ===> 32位的二进制格式, 点分十进制法; 2^32-1
IPv6: ===> 128位的二进制格式 , 冒分十六进制;
- 查看:
ip addr show br0
## port端口: 为了标识通信的应用程序
注:常见的port和服务的对应关系:/etc/services
已经被分配的port: 0-1024
自定义端口号的范围: 1024-65535
## 通信协议: TCP和UDP协议
## Socket编程
# socket: 其实就是 IP:port 的组成
import socket
print(socket.gethostname())
# 'www.baiu.com'根据域名获取对应服务器的ip地址
print(socket.gethostbyname("www.baidu.com"))
# 根据IP获取对应的主机名
print(socket.gethostbyaddr("172.25.254.40"))
print(socket.getaddrinfo("www.xunlei.com", 80))
#注:
# AddressFamily.AF_INET : ipv4
# socket.AF_INET6 : ipv6
# SOCK_STREAM: TCP协议
# socket.SOCK_DGRAM: UDP协议
## 应用实例:
编写一个脚本, 捉取www.xunlei.com这个域名对应的IPv4的地址
import socket
print(socket.getaddrinfo("www.xunlei.com", 80))
# [(<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, <SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, 6, '', ('183.60.209.24', 80)), (<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>,
# 显示出的地址信息其实就是列表中嵌套元祖
Addrinfo = socket.getaddrinfo("www.xunlei.com", 80)
Addlist = [str(ip) for item in Addrinfo for ip in item[4]]
print(Addlist)
list = [i for i in Addlist if '.' in i]
print(list)
## Socket 实现Web简易服务器
import socket
def handle_request(sockObj):
#HTTP/1.1时HTTP的版本
sockObj.send(b'HTTP/1.1 200 OK \r\n\r\n')
with open('hello.html') as f:
sockObj.send(f.read().encode('utf-8'))
if __name__ == "__main__":
#创建一个socket对象
"""
class socket(_socket.socket):
__slots__ = ["__weakref__", "_io_refs", "_closed"]
def __init__(self, family=AF_INET, type=SOCK_STREAM, proto=0, fileno=None):
# For user code address family and type values are IntEnum members, but
# for the underlying _socket.socket they're just integers. The
# constructor of _socket.socket converts the given argument to an
# integer automatically.
_socket.socket.__init__(self, family, type, proto, fileno)
self._io_refs = 0
self._closed = False
"""
server = socket.socket()
#绑定IP端口
"""
Bind the socket to a local address. For IP sockets, the address is a
pair (host, port); the host must refer to the local host. For raw packet
sockets the address is a tuple (ifname, proto [,pkttype [,hatype]])
"""
server.bind(('172.25.254.40', 9002))
# 监听是否有用户连接
server.listen(3)
print("服务器端已经启动9002端口......")
while True:
# 接受客户端连接
"""
accept() -> (socket object, address info)
"""
sockObj, address = server.accept()
# 接受客户端发送的消息 1024个字符
recv_data = sockObj.recv(1024)
# 与客户端进行交互, 返回给客户端信息
handle_request(sockObj)
sockObj.close()
## TCP聊天室
# 创建TCP聊天室的服务端
import socket
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(("172.25.254.40", 9005))
server.listen()
sockObj, address = server.accept()
print(sockObj)
print(address)
while True:
#接收客户端发送的消息
data = sockObj.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
print("client:%s" %data)
if data == 'quit':
break
# 给客户端回复消息
send_data = input("server:")
if send_data == 'quit':
break
sockObj.send(send_data.encode('utf-8'))
sockObj.close()
server.close()
# 创建TCP聊天室的客户端
import socket
HOST = '172.25.254.40'
PORT = 9005
client = socket.socket()
client.connect((HOST, PORT))
while True:
send_data = input("client:")
client.send(send_data.encode('utf-8'))
if send_data == 'quit':
break
data = client.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
if data == 'quit':
break
print("server:%s" % data)
client.close()
## 运行的聊天结果
#服务端
#客户端
## 拓展:利用协程实现多客户端聊天
# 服务端:
import socket
from gevent import monkey
monkey.patch_all()
import gevent
def handle_request(sockObj):
while True:
# 接收客户端发送的消息
data = sockObj.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
print("client:%s" % data)
if data == 'quit':
break
# 给客户端回复消息
send_data = input("server:")
if send_data == 'quit':
break
sockObj.send(send_data.encode('utf-8'))
server = socket.socket()
server.bind(("172.25.254.40", 9005))
server.listen()
print("服务器端已经启动")
while True:
# 接受客户端连接
sockObj, address = server.accept()
# handle_request(sockObj)
gevent.spawn(handle_request, sockObj)
sockObj.close()
server.close()
# 客户端
import socket
HOST = '172.25.254.40'
PORT = 9005
client = socket.socket()
client.connect((HOST, PORT))
while True:
send_data = input("client:")
client.send(send_data.encode('utf-8'))
if send_data == 'quit':
break
data = client.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
if data == 'quit':
break
print("server:%s" % data)
client.close()
## 获取网页内容
import socket
from urllib.request import urlopen
client = socket.socket()
client.connect(('www.baidu.com', 80))
client.send(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.baidu.com\r\nConnection: close\r\n\r\n')
recv_data = client.recv(1024*100)
print(recv_data.decode('utf-8'))
client.close()
# 运行结果:
## UDP 聊天室
# UDP聊天室服务端
import socket
# 由于创建socket对象时默认参数是TCP协议,需要进行参数修改
server = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
server.bind(("172.25.254.40", 6003))
print("等待客户端UDP请求")
while True:
data, address = server.recvfrom(1024)
if data == 'quit':
break
print("client:%s" % data.decode('utf-8'))
# print("客户端连接的socket地址:%s" % address)
send_data = input("server:")
if send_data == 'quit':
break
server.sendto(send_data.encode('utf-8'), address)
server.close()
# UDP聊天室客户端
import socket
HOST = '172.25.254.40'
PORT = 6003
client = socket.socket(type=socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
while True:
send_data = input("client:")
if send_data == 'quit':
break
client.sendto(send_data.encode('utf-8'), (HOST, PORT))
data, address = client.recvfrom(1024).decode('utf-8')
if data == 'quit':
break
print("server:%s" % data)
client.close()