企业级DBA的mysql配置之道

本文作者：林伟兵，叩丁狼高级讲师。原创文章，转载请注明出处。

1. 下载并检查文件的完整性

[root@hadoop39 ~]# cd /usr/local
**********************************************************
下载mysql的linux版本：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads
如下命令检查文件完整性，对比md5是否与网页下载的完整匹配。
[root@hadoop39 local]# md5sum mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
61affe944eff55fcf51b31e67f25dc10  mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
**********************************************************

2. 检查文件之前是否安装过

[root@hadoop39 local]# ps -ef|grep mysqld
root      2493  2423  0 19:48 pts/3    00:00:00 grep mysqld
[root@hadoop39 local]# rpm -qa |grep -i mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.x86_64  [如果只有这个文件 不删除也无碍]

3. 解压mysql安装包

[root@hadoop39 local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@hadoop39 local]# rm -rf mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@hadoop39 local]# mv mysql-5.6.41-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

4. 创建mysqladmin角色

mysqladmin角色来操作数据库，以后只有这个用户才能操作数据库用户的根目录是/usr/local/mysql 而不是/home/mysqladmin。

[root@hadoop39 local]# groupadd -g 101 dba
[root@hadoop39 local]# useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
[root@hadoop39 local]# id mysqladmin
uid=514(mysqladmin) gid=101(dba) groups=101(dba),0(root)
[root@hadoop39 local]# passwd mysqladmin
Changing password for user mysqladmin.
New UNIX password: 
BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
--------------------可忽略项--------------------
## if user mysqladmin is existing,please execute the following command of usermod.
##[root@hadoop39 local]# usermod -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin #
----------------------------------------
## copy 环境变量配置文件至mysqladmin用户的home目录中,为了以下步骤配置个人环境变量
[root@hadoop39 local]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql  ###important

5. 创建/etc/my.cnf，并粘贴以下内容

#defualt start: /etc/my.cnf->/etc/mysql/my.cnf->SYSCONFDIR/my.cnf->$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf-> --defaults-extra-file->~/my.cnf 
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# cd /etc/
[root@hadoop39 etc]# touch my.cnf
[root@hadoop39 etc]# vi my.cnf
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M

table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600

# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 32

#isolation level and default engine 
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED

server-id  = 1
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid

#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now

binlog_format = MIXED
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err

#for replication slave
#log-slave-updates 
#sync_binlog = 1

#for innodb options 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:500M:autoextend
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 200M

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 100
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1

#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on

#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

6. 修改mysql文件的的权限（只有mysqladmin才能用）

[root@hadoop39 local]# chown  mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf 
[root@hadoop39 local]# chmod  640 /etc/my.cnf  
[root@hadoop39 etc]# ll my.cnf
-rw-r----- 1 mysqladmin dba 2201 Aug 25 23:09 my.cnf


[root@hadoop39 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop39 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql 
[root@hadoop39 local]# su - mysqladmin 
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ mkdir arch backup
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db ###import
## 这错误必须返回root用户才能实现
$-bash: scripts/mysql_install_db: /usr/bin/perl: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]#: yum install -y perl
## 这错误必须返回root用户才能实现
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db ###import
Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory #缺少libaio.so 包
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]#: yum install -y libaio
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]#: yum -y install numactl

7. 安装mysql

[mysqladmin@i-cnfihy89 ~]$ scripts/mysql_install_db  --user=mysqladmin --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data 
-bash: scripts/mysql_install_db: /usr/bin/perl: bad interpreter: No such file or directory
............................................................
............................................................
............................................................
[mysqladmin@i-cnfihy89 ~]$ exit
logout

8. 配置mysql服务并设置开机时启动

[root@hadoop39 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
#将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql 
#赋予可执行权限
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#删除服务
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
#添加服务
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
[root@hadoop39 mysql]# vi /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local


# 只要添加下面这句代码就可以了
su - mysqladmin -c "/etc/init.d/mysql start --federated"

9. 使用mysqladmin角色登录，启动mysql并查看进程和端口

[root@hadoop39 mysql]# su - mysqladmin
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ pwd
/usr/local/mysql
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ rm -rf my.cnf
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ mysqld_safe &
[1] 11802
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ 
150825 22:53:38 mysqld_safe Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err'.
150825 22:53:38 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data/
150825 22:53:39 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid ended


[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ ps -ef|grep mysqld
514       6247  6219  0 17:30 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
514       6902  6247  2 17:30 pts/1    00:00:01 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid --socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock --port=3306
514       6927  6219  0 17:31 pts/1    00:00:00 grep mysqld
[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ netstat -tulnp | grep mysql
tcp        0      0 :::3306                     :::*                        LISTEN      11541/mysqld        
[root@hadoop39 local]# service mysql status
MySQL running (21507)                                      [  OK  ]

10. 登录mysql客户端

[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ mysql
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+

mysql> use mysql
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
mysql> delete from user where user='';
mysql> flush privileges;  【重要】
mysql> select host,user,password from user;
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| host           | user | password                                  |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost      | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| hadoop39 | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| 127.0.0.1      | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
| ::1            | root | *6340BE3C15D246B0D74BAF3F135915ED19E0069F |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+

11. 配置.bash_profile

[mysqladmin@hadoop39 ~]$ vi .bash_profile 
# User specific environment and startup programs  【添加如下代码到文件中】
MYSQL_BASE=/usr/local/mysql
export MYSQL_BASE
PATH=${MYSQL_BASE}/bin:$PATH
export PATH

unset USERNAME

#stty erase ^H
set umask to 022
umask 022
PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1



Remark:
    Error1: File '/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin.index' not found (Errcode: 13)
           test2.localdomain:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/arch:>chmod 755 *
           test2.localdomain:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/arch:>chown –R mysqladmin:dba *

12. 退出并重新登录

[root@vm01 ~]# su - mysqladmin
-bash: Remark:: command not found
-bash: /usr/local/mysql/.bash_profile: line 26: syntax error near unexpected token `('
-bash: /usr/local/mysql/.bash_profile: line 26: `       Error1: File '/usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin.index' not found (Errcode: 13)'
vm01:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>cd ..
vm01:mysqladmin:/usr/local:>

企业级DBA的mysql配置之道

1. 下载并检查文件的完整性

2. 检查文件之前是否安装过

3. 解压mysql安装包

4. 创建mysqladmin角色

5. 创建/etc/my.cnf，并粘贴以下内容

6. 修改mysql文件的的权限（只有mysqladmin才能用）

7. 安装mysql

8. 配置mysql服务并设置开机时启动

9. 使用mysqladmin角色登录，启动mysql并查看进程和端口

10. 登录mysql客户端

11. 配置.bash_profile

12. 退出并重新登录

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