Redis源码分析(一)_adlist.c

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/* adlist.c - A generic doubly linked list implementation
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2010, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 *   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *     this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *   * Neither the name of Redis nor the names of its contributors may be used
 *     to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
 *     specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
#ifdef _WIN32
#include "Win32_Interop/Win32_Portability.h"
#include "Win32_Interop/win32_types.h"
#endif

#include <stdlib.h>
#include "adlist.h"
#include "zmalloc.h"

/* Create a new list. The created list can be freed with
 * AlFreeList(), but private value of every node need to be freed
 * by the user before to call AlFreeList().
 *
 * On error, NULL is returned. Otherwise the pointer to the new list. */
list *listCreate(void)
{
    struct list *list;

    // 申请的内存的大小是sizeof(*list),不是sizeof(list),后者是指针大小
    if ((list = zmalloc(sizeof(*list))) == NULL)
        return NULL;

    // 对list结构体的所有成员进行赋初值
    list->head = list->tail = NULL;
    list->len = 0;
    list->dup = NULL;
    list->free = NULL;
    list->match = NULL;
    return list;
}

/* Free the whole list.
 *
 * This function can't fail. */
void listRelease(list *list)
{
    PORT_ULONG len;
    listNode *current, *next;

    current = list->head;
    len = list->len;
    while(len--) {
	// 获得下一个结点
	// 下一结点的指针需要提前保存,不然释放当前结点之后,就无法获得下一个结点
        next = current->next;

	// 释放当前结点的值,如果没有定义free函数,结点的值就不释放
        if (list->free) list->free(current->value);
        zfree(current); // 释放当前结点,因结点是由zmalloc申请的
        
        current = next;
    }
    zfree(list); // 释放list结构体体占用的内存空间
}

/* Add a new node to the list, to head, containing the specified 'value'
 * pointer as value.
 *
 * On error, NULL is returned and no operation is performed (i.e. the
 * list remains unaltered).
 * On success the 'list' pointer you pass to the function is returned. */
list *listAddNodeHead(list *list, void *value)
{
    listNode *node;

    if ((node = zmalloc(sizeof(*node))) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    node->value = value;

    // 通过判断len值,而不是判断list->head是否为空,这样更可靠?
    if (list->len == 0) { // 该结点是list中的第一个结点
        list->head = list->tail = node;
        node->prev = node->next = NULL;
    } else { // 将结点插入到列表头部
        node->prev = NULL;
        node->next = list->head;
        list->head->prev = node;
        list->head = node;
    }
    list->len++; // list的每一个字段都要判断是否需要改变
    return list; // 返回列表指针
}

/* Add a new node to the list, to tail, containing the specified 'value'
 * pointer as value.
 *
 * On error, NULL is returned and no operation is performed (i.e. the
 * list remains unaltered).
 * On success the 'list' pointer you pass to the function is returned. */
list *listAddNodeTail(list *list, void *value)
{
    listNode *node;

    if ((node = zmalloc(sizeof(*node))) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    node->value = value;
    if (list->len == 0) {
        list->head = list->tail = node;
        node->prev = node->next = NULL;
    } else {
        node->prev = list->tail;
        node->next = NULL;
        list->tail->next = node;
        list->tail = node;
    }
    list->len++;
    return list;
}

/*
 * 在old_node前或者后插入一个结点node
 */
list *listInsertNode(list *list, listNode *old_node, void *value, int after) {
    listNode *node;

    if ((node = zmalloc(sizeof(*node))) == NULL)
        return NULL;
    node->value = value;
    if (after) {  // 插入old_node结点后面
        node->prev = old_node;
        node->next = old_node->next;

	// 对old_node是否是最后一个结点进行判断,而不是执行下面操作:
	//old_node->next->prev = node;
        //old_node->next = node;
        if (list->tail == old_node) {
            list->tail = node;
	    //old_node->next = node; 无需该操作,下面判断node不是首尾结点的地方包含该操作
        }
    } else {  // 插入old_node结点前面
        node->next = old_node;
        node->prev = old_node->prev;

	// 对old_node是否是第一个结点进行判断,而不是执行下面操作:
	//old_node->prev->next = node;
        //old_node->prev = node;
        if (list->head == old_node) {
            list->head = node;
        }
    }

    // 包含node处于中间结点的情况
    if (node->prev != NULL) { // 如果node结点不是第一个结点,设置和node前一个结点的关系
        node->prev->next = node;
    }
    if (node->next != NULL) { // 如果node结点不是最后一个结点,设置和node后一个结点的关系
        node->next->prev = node;
    }
    list->len++;
    return list; // 返回新的list结构体
}

/* Remove the specified node from the specified list.
 * It's up to the caller to free the private value of the node.
 *
 * This function can't fail. */
// 默认node结点一定是list中的结点
void listDelNode(list *list, listNode *node)
{
    // 两个if-else操作,直接包含了四种情况
    // 头结点、尾结点、中间结点、只有一个结点
    if (node->prev) // 如果node不是第一个结点
        node->prev->next = node->next;
    else // 如果node是第一个结点,修改list结构体的头结点指针
        list->head = node->next;
    if (node->next) // 如果node不是最后一个结点
        node->next->prev = node->prev;
    else // 如果node是最后一个结点,修改list结构体的尾结点指针
        list->tail = node->prev;

    // 最后要释放value和结点
    if (list->free) list->free(node->value); // 删除被释放的结点中的值
    zfree(node); // 删除被释放的结点
    
    list->len--; // 结点数减1
}

/* Returns a list iterator 'iter'. After the initialization every
 * call to listNext() will return the next element of the list.
 *
 * This function can't fail. */
 // 根据list返回一个迭代器
 // 根据direction决定迭代顺序是list的头结点还是还是尾结点开始
listIter *listGetIterator(list *list, int direction)
{
    listIter *iter;

    // 获得迭代器结构体使用内存
    if ((iter = zmalloc(sizeof(*iter))) == NULL) return NULL;
    // 根据不同迭代方向,设置下一个元素所在的结点
    if (direction == AL_START_HEAD)
        iter->next = list->head;
    else
        iter->next = list->tail;
    iter->direction = direction;
    return iter; // 返回生成的迭代器
}

/* Release the iterator memory */
void listReleaseIterator(listIter *iter) {
    zfree(iter); // 释放迭代器占用的内存
}

// listRewind和listRewindTail函数的形参li,不知道函数调用之前迭代顺序是什么样的
// 但是知道调用这两个函数之后,迭代器的迭代顺序是什么样的

/* Create an iterator in the list private iterator structure */
// 迭代器修改为从前向后迭代
void listRewind(list *list, listIter *li) {
    // 根据list修改迭代器结构体
    li->next = list->head;
    li->direction = AL_START_HEAD;
}

// 迭代器修改为从后向前迭代
void listRewindTail(list *list, listIter *li) {
    // 根据list修改迭代器结构体
    li->next = list->tail;
    li->direction = AL_START_TAIL;
}

/* Return the next element of an iterator.
 * It's valid to remove the currently returned element using
 * listDelNode(), but not to remove other elements.
 *
 * The function returns a pointer to the next element of the list,
 * or NULL if there are no more elements, so the classical usage patter
 * is:
 *
 * iter = listGetIterator(list,<direction>);
 * while ((node = listNext(iter)) != NULL) {
       // 对迭代器的下一个结点里的值做一些操作
       // 下一个结点的值使用一个函数获得,而不是通过直接从结点取值
 *     doSomethingWith(listNodeValue(node));
 * }
 *
 * */
 
 /* 写一个函数的指标应该是任何时候调用该函数都是正确的
  * 考虑多次调用该函数的情况
  */
 // 获得迭代器的当前结点指针
listNode *listNext(listIter *iter)
{
    listNode *current = iter->next;
	
    /* 1.不能直接返回iter->next,需要保证下一次调用函数的正确性,
     *   即需要进一步初始化iter中的字段 
     * 2.当前结点可能是迭代器的最后一个结点
     *   如果不是最后一个结点才对迭代器的下一个结点进行新的赋值
     */
    if (current != NULL) {
        if (iter->direction == AL_START_HEAD)
            iter->next = current->next;
        else
            iter->next = current->prev;
    }
    return current;
}

/* Duplicate the whole list. On out of memory NULL is returned.
 * On success a copy of the original list is returned.
 *
 * The 'Dup' method set with listSetDupMethod() function is used
 * to copy the node value. Otherwise the same pointer value of
 * the original node is used as value of the copied node.
 *
 * The original list both on success or error is never modified. */
list *listDup(list *orig)
{
    list *copy;
    listIter *iter;
    listNode *node;

    // 创建一个新的列表
    if ((copy = listCreate()) == NULL)
        return NULL;
	
    // 拷贝原来列表中的三个函数指针
    copy->dup = orig->dup;
    copy->free = orig->free;
    copy->match = orig->match;

    // 根据orig列表创建一个迭代器,从头结点开始迭代
    iter = listGetIterator(orig, AL_START_HEAD);
	
    while((node = listNext(iter)) != NULL) { // 依次获得迭代器中的结点
        void *value;

        if (copy->dup) { // 如果dup函数存在,申请新的内存拷贝结点里的值
            value = copy->dup(node->value); // 需要判断该函数的返回值
            if (value == NULL) {
		// 失败,释放列表,释放迭代器
                listRelease(copy);
                listReleaseIterator(iter);
                return NULL;
            }
        } else // 如果dup函数不存在,仅仅拷贝结点中值的指针
            value = node->value;

	// 将结点插入到列表的尾端,对应于迭代器从头开始迭代
        if (listAddNodeTail(copy, value) == NULL) {
            listRelease(copy);
            listReleaseIterator(iter);
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    // 复制成功,拷贝工作完成,释放中间产生的迭代器
    listReleaseIterator(iter);
    return copy;
}

/* Search the list for a node matching a given key.
 * The match is performed using the 'match' method
 * set with listSetMatchMethod(). If no 'match' method
 * is set, the 'value' pointer of every node is directly
 * compared with the 'key' pointer.
 *
 * On success the first matching node pointer is returned
 * (search starts from head). If no matching node exists
 * NULL is returned. */
/* 考虑在一个函数中申请了哪些资源,在函数返回的时候是否要是否释放这些资源
 * 防止资源泄露。如该函数中不要忘记调用函数listReleaseIterator
 * 应该考虑到listGetIterator和listReleaseIterator成对调用
 */
listNode *listSearchKey(list *list, void *key)
{
    listIter *iter;
    listNode *node;

    // 根据orig列表创建一个迭代器,从头结点开始迭代
    iter = listGetIterator(list, AL_START_HEAD);
	
    while((node = listNext(iter)) != NULL) {
        if (list->match) { // 如果match函数存在,根据match函数的匹配规则进行匹配
            // 如果node结点和key匹配成功,释放迭代器,返回匹配成功的结点
            if (list->match(node->value, key)) {
                listReleaseIterator(iter);
                return node;
            }
        } else {
            // 如果match函数不存在,则直接匹配key指针和value指针是否相同
            if (key == node->value) {
                listReleaseIterator(iter);
                return node;
            }
        }
    }

    // 匹配失败,释放中间产生的迭代器
    listReleaseIterator(iter);
    return NULL;
}

/* Return the element at the specified zero-based index
 * where 0 is the head, 1 is the element next to head
 * and so on. Negative integers are used in order to count
 * from the tail, -1 is the last element, -2 the penultimate
 * and so on. If the index is out of range NULL is returned. */
/* 1.考虑index的正负可以指示不同的位置方向,函数的功能更健壮
 * 2.函数中涉及到遍历列表的操作,但是没有使用迭代器,
 *   因为函数中即有从前往后遍历,也有从后往前遍历,使用目前函数中的方法实现更简单。
 */
// 返回指定下标的结点指针
listNode *listIndex(list *list, PORT_LONG index) {
    listNode *n;

    // 从后往前数
    if (index < 0) {
	// 从后往前数,是从-1开始的,所以校正为正之后,再-1。
	// 这样和从前开始数一样,从0开始计数
        index = (-index)-1;
		
        n = list->tail;

	// 在对结点进行计数的同时,需要判断结点是否统计结束
	// 如果统计到最后一个结点,但是index并不为0,就返回第一个结点
	// 因为index=0是最后一个结点,所以使用index--,而不是--index
        while(index-- && n) n = n->prev;

    // 从前往后数
    } else {
        n = list->head;
	// 如果统计到最后一个结点,但是index并不为0,就返回最后一个结点
        while(index-- && n) n = n->next;
    }
    // 返回的结点不一定是和index相对应的结点,可能是第一个或最后一个结点
    return n;
}

/* Rotate the list removing the tail node and inserting it to the head. */
// 将尾结点放在第一个结点
void listRotate(list *list) {
    listNode *tail = list->tail;

    // 如果结点数<=1,不需要执行该操作
    if (listLength(list) <= 1) return;

    /* Detach current tail */
    // 将最后一个结点从链表中拿掉
    list->tail = tail->prev;
    list->tail->next = NULL;
	
    /* Move it as head */
    // 将最后一个结点放在链表的第一个结点
    list->head->prev = tail;
    tail->prev = NULL;
    tail->next = list->head;
    list->head = tail;
}

其他:

1.代码中涉及到结点中的void *value字段的操作,比如复制、释放、匹配操作,为了增加扩展性,使用可以指定的函数实现。没有指定特定函数的时候,使用简单的复制、释放、匹配操作。

2.对于一些简单的操作,如获得链表的长度,头结点,尾结点等操作,定义了宏函数实现,增加代码的封装和扩展性。

3.遍历链表的操作,通过使用迭代器的方式实现。

4.代码中注意资源的释放,如创建链表和释放链表的成对使用,创建迭代器和释放迭代器的成对使用

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转载自blog.csdn.net/u013139008/article/details/79638470